In contrast to most human malignancies, epidemiologic studies have frequently reported a reduced risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in tobacco consumers. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) gene variants may be related to an increased capacity to activate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, producing highly reactive electrophilic intermediates that might damage DNA. Hence, the germline inheritance of a wild-type CYP1A1 gene may decrease the susceptibility for thyroid cancer. The present study was designed to investigate CYP1A1 (m1 and m2) role in thyroid tumorigenesis and its connection with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTO1, and codon 72 of p53 genotypes. A total of 248 patients with thyroid nodules, including 67 benign goiters, 13 follicular adenomas, 136 papillary carcinomas, and 32 follicular carcinomas, and 277 controls with similar ethnic backgrounds were interviewed on their lifetime dietary and occupational histories, smoking habit, previous diseases, and other anamnestic data. DNA was extracted from a blood sample and submitted to PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. The wild-type CYP1A1m1 genotype was more frequent among papillary carcinoma patients (74.26%) than in the control population (62.45%; PZ0.0147), reducing the risk for this type of cancer (odds ratioZ 0.564; 95% confidence intervalZ0.357-0.894). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed an inverse correlation between cigarette smoking (PZ0.0385) and CYP1A1 germline inheritance (PZ0.0237) with the susceptibility to papillary carcinomas. We were not able to find any correlation between smoking, clinical features, parameters of aggressiveness at diagnosis or during follow-up, and any of the GST or CYP genotypes considered separately or in different combinations. We suggest that CYP1A1 genotype might be associated with the reported reduced risk to papillary carcinomas among smokers.

No cenário acadêmico há uma enorme escassez de investigações voltadas ao estudo das condições de vida e saúde mental das populações rurais. A maior parte dos estudos que tomam essas populações como foco se limita à discussão acerca da produtividade, sustentabilidade, agricultura familiar, violência no campo, conflitos agrários e fundiários. Em relação à saúde do trabalhador rural predominam pesquisas voltadas às morbidades associadas à aplicação múltipla e intermitente de agrotóxicos, dentre as quais estão as psiquiátricas e as tentativas de suicídio, bem como decorrentes da alteração tecnológica no campo e acidentes resultantes do processo de trabalho. Quando se trata de moradores de assentamentos de reforma agrária a desinformação é ainda mais evidente. Entretanto, esse grupo populacional apresenta vulnerabilidade considerável na medida em que tem uma trajetória de vida marcada pela precária condição de reprodução social e grande dificuldade de acesso às políticas e programas de saúde, educação, segurança, transporte, habitação, organização da produção, a despeito das ações governamentais desenvolvidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) para dar sustentação ao desenvolvimento dos assentamentos.

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We were unable to demonstrate any association between the GST genotypes studied and the risk of ovarian cancer but the inheritance of a heterozygous Arg/Pro genotype of p53 increased the risk of ovarian cancer more than 2.5 times (OR = 2.571; 95% CI = 1.453-4.550). There was no association of the studied genes to any clinical or pathological feature of the patients or to their response to chemotherapy.

Abusive use of alcohol and other drugs among prison system workers AbstractIn this study, we investigated the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs among corrections officers in a northeastern Brazilian state, and the role this plays in the lives of workers, as well as the potential problems associated with the practice. In total, 403 corrections officers participated in the data collection, responding to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and a demographic questionnaire. The results point to the abuse of /dependency on alcohol, Cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, inhalants, and hypnotics. The determinants of this dynamic seem to be the type of prison unit, having another job in the security field, having over 10 years in the field, and working double shifts. These results suggest the need for attention to the work process and its relation to the mental health of prison staff, and the need to develop specific policies and programs for this profession, in order to minimize the harmful effects of working at a prison. Uso desmedido de alcohol y otras drogas entre trabajadores del sistema carcelarioResumen Se investigaron los padrones de uso de alcohol y de otras drogas entre guardias penitenciarios de un estado del nordeste brasileño, el papel que ejerce en sus vidas y los posibles problemas resultantes de esa práctica. Participaron de la recopilación de datos 403 guardias, que respondieron al Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) y al cuestionario socio-demográfico. Los resultados apuntan indican el consumo desmedido/dependiente de alcohol, Cannabis, cocaína, anfetaminas, inhalantes e hipnóticos. Los determinantes de ese cuadro son el tipo de unidad carcelario, el tener otra ocupación en el área de seguridad, el tener más de 10 años de profesión y trabajar en turnos doblados. Esos resultados sugieren la necesidad de atender el problema del proceso de trabajo y su relación con la salud mental de los guardias, y de desarrollar políticas y programas específicos destinados a ellos, con vistas a minimizar los efectos perjudiciales de su trabajo.