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This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of muffins with added Pholiota adiposa powder. Muffins were prepared with different amounts of Pholiota adiposa powder (in 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% ratios to the flour quantity). For analyzing the quality characteristics during the manufacturing of muffins, the pH, moisture content, dough density, height, specific volume, baking loss, texture, color, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and sensory test results were determined. As the Pholiota adiposa powder content increased, the moisture content of the muffins decreased from 26.72 to 22.56%. The hardness of the muffins was increased with increasing Pholiota adiposa powder content, with the muffins with 15% Pholiota adiposa powder the hardest among all the samples. The inner color of the muffins, particularly the L and b values, decreased with increasing powder content compared to those of the control, but the a value increased. As the Pholiota adiposa powder content increased, the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content of the muffins also increased. In the sensory evaluation, the muffins with 5% Pholiota adiposa powder showed higher values than the control and the other samples in all aspects, showing that 5% Pholiota adiposa powder could be incorporated into muffins to meet the taste and functional needs of the consumers.

Alternative spraying was developed using fungicides and potassium phosphonate to control watermelon powdery mildew (WPM) caused by Sphaerotheca fusca under greenhouse condition. In 2010 trial, a total of 9 combinations of 6 fungicides which are legally registered in Korea and currently used on watermelon farms were tested for the control efficacy against WPM. Though the combination of chlorothalonil (Chl)-myclobutanil (My)-fenarimol (Fen)-hexaconazole (Hex) was the most effective (82.6%) in the first-year trial, it had the problem that My, Fen and Hex have the same mode of action. Therefore, in the second-year trial to improve the fungicide combination and to reduce fungicide application, fungicides and potassium phosphonate (P) combinations were tested for WPM control using 500 ppm aqueous potassium phosphonate solution which is both eco-friendly and showing different mode of action from the fungicides tested. The P-My-Fen-Hex applied at 10-day intervals provided relatively high control (75.6%), whereas Chl-My-Fen-P provided 31.8% control. To improve the control, fungicides and P were applied at 7-day intervals in the third-year trial. Though Chl-My-Fen-Hex provided the highest control (89.6%), P-My-Fen-Hex also provided relatively high control (83.5%) compared to 65.9 % control with Chl-My-Fen-P, which suggests that Chl-My-Fen-Hex could be replaced with P-My-Fen-Hex for WPM control.