ABSTRACT. The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells was studied immunohistochemically (PAP method) in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, Bombina orientalis, using antisera against serotonin, somatostatin, chromogranin (CG), cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, bombesin, secretin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Eight kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. These immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric glands of the stomach regions and in the intestinal or esophageal epithelium with variable frequencies. They were spherical or spindle-shaped. Serotonin-and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the whole alimentary tract including esophagus. CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the stomach. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were observed from the antrum to the ileum. Bombesin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the stomach. Secretin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the antrum and duodenum. PP-immunoreactive cells were detected from the antrum to the rectum. In conclusion, throughout the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, the different regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells were demonstrated. The regional distributions and relative frequencies of the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog were resembled to those of the other anuran species except for esophagus.-KEY WORDS: alimentary tract, endocrine cell, immunohistochemistry, red-bellied frog.

In this paper, a new design method of the dual-band bandpass filter which consists of feed line with stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) structure, open-loop ring resonator (OLRR) with SIR, and uniform OLRR is proposed. The SIR structure which can control harmonic frequencies is used to provide the maximum magnetic coupling at the same positions of both the upper and lower feed lines, irrespective of the first passband and the second passband of the dual-band bandpass filter and improve characteristic of stopband between the first and second passbands. This proposed design method was confirmed to be useful from measured results for dual-band bandpass filter operated at 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz.

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A new analytical formulation is presented for the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure with a dielectric-backed aperture. The shielding effectiveness may be calculated as a function of frequency, dielectric constant, and position within the enclosure. And, a formulation has been developed for the shielding effectiveness of the structure where the one side of dielectric is partially backed by conductor.