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Data on innovation financing in Colombia present a paradox: Manufacturing companies prefer to finance their innovation projects with their own capital, with bank loans in second place, and cheaper public funding last. Extant financial theories cannot explain such a paradox (reversed pecking order), making a different approach necessary. Hence, a new perspective is presented on the basis of Sierra’s (2014, 2020) proposal. A fixed effects panel estimation is carried out that includes three new variables: A Knowledge Incorporation and Consolidation System, interaction among companies and funders, a particular type of investor (Dedicated). The results support the alternative explanation. Additionally, research possibilities, designs and applications of public and organisational policy aimed to overcome some of the problems mentioned are proposed.

This chapter explores different impacts that the pandemic has had on athletes from bodybuilding, aikido, and squash practices in Colombia. It seeks to analyze the effects produced by the COVID-19 crisis and the response actions, seeking a structure that allows for the understanding of changes in sports practices as individual adaptation to the new conditions caused by the pandemic. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted to establish a baseline of sports habits and to investigate the effects on motivations, routines, times, spaces, and perspectives of the athletes. After describing the methodology, the main findings are presented. The diversity of the responses was used to construct categories of analysis which, as an added value, allow for the grouping of heterogeneous positions, which were then divided into (1) adjustments, (2) adaptability, and (3) the negotiation of meaning. Finally, conclusions are presented.

goal 10.2 that stated "by 2030 empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status".

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