O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituição do milho pela casca, farinha de varredura ou raspa de mandioca sobre ganho médio diário, consumo e conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça de novilhas confinadas. Foram utilizadas 28 novilhas mestiças, com aproximadamente 24 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 365 kg, distribuídas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um experimento de 56 dias, com quatro tratamentos e sete repetições. Não houve efeito da substituição do milho pelos produtos da mandioca sobre ganho médio diário, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça. No entanto, o consumo foi inferior nas rações contendo raiz e resíduos da mandioca.

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RESUMO -Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de substituição do milho (MI) pela farinha de varredura de mandioca (FV) (25, 50, 75 e 100%) em rações para ovinos, sobre consumo voluntário, digestibilidade total dos nutrientes, balanços de nitrogênio (BN) e de energia (BE), pH e concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH 3 ) do líquido ruminal. Foram utilizados quatro carneiros machos, castrados, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 41,4 kg de peso vivo em um ensaio de digestibilidade utilizando o método de coleta total de fezes e urina. Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas, distribuídos em delineamento experimental quadrado latino 4x4. O líquido ruminal foi obtido por meio de sonda esofágica, nos tempos de zero, 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas após à alimentação da manhã. Não houve efeito dos níveis de substituição para os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN ABSTRACT -This work was carried-out to study the effect of substitution levels of corn (COR) by cassava by-product flour (CPF) (25, 50, 75 and 100%) in the ration for sheep on voluntary intake, nutrients apparent digestibility and nitrogen (NB) and energy (EB) balance, pH and ammonia concentration (N-NH 3 ) in ruminal liquid. Four male, castrated sheep, without defined race, with medium weight of 41.4 AW, in trial of digestibility were used, using the method of total collect feces and urine. The animals were kept in cages of metabolism in 4x4 latin square design. The ruminal liquid was obtained by means of probe esofagic in the times 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours (after feeding). There was no effect of substitution levels on intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), energy and nitrogen (N) and for apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, starch and gross energy (GE) and for NB and TDN levels. The intake of starch and GE presented quadratic increase until the level of 75% CPM in the ration. The concentration of the ammonia nitrogen and the pH of ruminal liquid did not differ in function of the substitution levels of the COR to CPM. It was concluded that CPM can totally substitute COR in the sheep ration.Key Words: cassava by-product flour, corn, digestibility, intake, nitrogen balance, sheep IntroduçãoA alimentação dos animais representa um dos maiores custos na produção animal, principalmente quando se utilizam fontes alimentares como o milho, que apesar das elevadas qualidades nutricionais apresentam em geral um custo elevado. Alguns subprodutos de indústria, como aqueles da produção de farinha de mandioca (casca de mandioca, farinha de varredura) possuem potencial e disponibilidade para serem utilizados como alimento energético e podem ser usados na alimentação de ruminantes (Pereira, 1987).A mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), uma fonte rica em energia para as rações animais, é um

The experiment was carried out to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid composition of bulls and steers (1/2 Nellore vs 1/2 Simmental) fi nished in feedlot. From 8 to 20 months the animals were raised conventionally. At 20 month of age 16 bulls were randomly selected of which 8 were surgically castrated. At 32 months of age the animals were transferred into a feedlot system with individual pens of 10 m 2 . Both groups of animals were slaughtered at 35 months of age. The bulls were heavier initially and displayed higher fi nal weight, higher average daily gain and hot carcass weight than steers, bulls also had higher moisture content, crude protein and cholesterol and lower total fat content than steers. The ratios of PUFA to SFA and of n-6 to n-3 in bulls were higher than in steers.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of 40 crossbred young bulls (Zebu×European) finished in a feedlot under two roughage sources (Bermuda grass hay or sorghum silage) with or without the addition of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). The bulls were 20 months old, their initial average weight was 356 kg and they were allocated into four groups of ten animals. The experimental diets were Bermuda grass, Bermuda grass+yeast, sorghum silage and sorghum silage +yeast. Animal performance and carcass characteristics were not influenced by roughage source or yeast addition. The average daily weight gain was 1.50 kg, dry matter intake (DMI) was 11.1 kg/d, DMI as percentage of liveweight was 2.60% and feed dry matter conversion was 7.70. The mean dressing percentage was 52.0% and hot carcass weight was 268 kg. Carcass conformation was classified between good-minus to good. Carcass length (137 cm), leg length (72.9 cm) and cushion thickness (26.6 cm) were not influenced by treatments. The average fat thickness was 3.80 mm and the Longissimus muscle area was 66.9 cm 2 . The classification of color, texture and marbling were slightly dark red to red, fine and slight-minus to light-typical, respectively. The mean percentage of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass was 15.5%, 62.3% and 22.5%, respectively. Yeast addition increased γ-linolenic fatty acid (0.15 vs. 0.11%) deposition. Bermuda grass hay increased deposition of α-linolenic (0.49 vs. 0.41%), arachidonic (2.30 vs. 1.57%), eicosapentaenoic (0.41 vs. 0.29%), docosapentaenoic (0.80 vs. 0.62%), docosahexaenoic (0.11 vs. 0.06%) and n-3 fatty acids, and reduced n-6: n-3 ratio in meat, when compared to sorghum silage treatments. The treatments had no effect on saturated fatty acids (49.5%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (11.8%), n-6 fatty acids (9.87%), n-3 (1.61%) and PUFA:SFA ratio (0.24). Monounsaturated fatty acid levels were higher on sorghum silage (40.7 vs. 37.7%). The addition of yeast caused higher n-6: n-3 ratio (7.28 vs. 5.70) than treatments without yeast.