-This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of headache and migraine among Tupiniquim Brazilian natives. A high prevalence of headache was found and the most prevalent headache was migraine. Women were more commonly affected than men. A high impact of headache was found, especially among migraineurs. Half of the headache sufferers were under medical assistance for headache given by the government Family Health Program (PSF). Most of them declared to use common analgesics. None of them was taking prophylactic therapy for this medical problem.Key WordS: Brazilian Tupiniquim natives, headache, impact, migraine, prevalence. Prevalência e impacto da cefaléia e da migrânea em uma população de índios TupiniquinsResumo -este é o primeiro estudo a avaliar prevalência de cefaléias entre índios tuiniquins do Brasil. A prevalência de cefaléia encontrada nesta população foi alta, sendo que a migrânea foi a mais frequente. encontrou-se maior prevalência de cefaléias entre as mulheres do que entre os homens. o impacto da cefaléia foi considerável, sendo maior entre os portadores de migrânea do que nas cefaléias não migranosas. Cinquenta por cento dos indivíduos com cefaléia recebiam atendimento médico devido a este problema, através do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF). o tratamento empregado consistia apenas em analgésicos comuns para alívio das crises. Nenhum indivíduo estava em uso de tratamento profilático.
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