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Background: The paediatric age group is more prone to tonsillitis. The management of tonsillitis mainly based on understanding of microbiological and pathological features. This study aimed to discuss the microbiological profile of acute tonsillitis in children. Methods: Children fewer than 18 years age group was included in this study and the children underwent tonsillectomy or in antibiotics for at least one month were excluded from study. The throat swabs were taken for microbiological diagnosis. Results: The most common isolates were Streptococcus viridians group, Group A ?-hemolytic Streptococci. There were only 3 cases with polymicrobial growth Conclusions: The understanding of microbiological profile could help in management of acute tonsillitis. The pathological profile can help us to identify the organisms which are difficult to culture. Keywords: Acute tonsillitis, Bacteria, Profile

Background: To evaluate the etiological factors of hoarness Methods: The present study has been carried out in 100 cases of hoarseness were included. Patient with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancy & up to 15 year of age excluded from the study. Results: In the present series bronchogenic carcinoma is the most common etiological factor causing vocal cord paralysis and second is thyroid surgery and third is tuberculosis of lung Conclusion: Voice production is a complex mechanism, involving the muscles of pharynx, palate, tongue, nose and lips. A proper protocol is necessary for identifying the factors responsible for vocal fold paralysis which would help in managing the condition more effectively. Keywords: Vocal cord, Carcinoma, Paralysis.

Background: The aims of our study were to evaluate the outcome of office-based paper patch grafting in tympanic membrane (TM) Methods: This is a retrospective study of 50 patients that underwent paper patch myringoplasty in an outpatient setting. Results: The long-term success rate of paper patch grafting for TM perforation was 78.00% in this study Conclusion: Paper patch grafting can also be considered before formal surgical myringoplasty in the case of small, dry, chronic TM perforations. Keywords: Myringoplasty, TM, Paper patching.