<p>Rehabilitasi dan ekstensifikasi pertanaman jambu mete di sentra produksi merupakan program strategis untuk meningkatkan produksi nasional. Menteri Pertanian sudah melepas sembilan varietas unggul jambu mete nasional. Dalam pelaksanaannya, program rehabilitasi dan ekstensifikasi masih terkendala oleh terbatasnya jumlah benih unggul karena sistem penyebarannya masih belum tertata secara baik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi penyebaran benih varietas unggul jambu mete di sentra produksi Kawasan Timur dan Barat Indonesia. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei lapangan secara sengaja (<em>purposive random sampling</em>) di beberapa lokasi calon kebun sumber benih, sedangkan data tentang penyebaran, asal-usul populasi dan penciri/karakteristik utama calon sumber benih jambu mete diperoleh berdasarkan <em>desk study</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesembilan varietas unggul jambu mete nasional, sebagian besar berasal dari hasil seleksi populasi pertanaman jambu mete milik petani di beberapa lokasi pengembangan mete. Penyebaran varietas unggul jambu mete tersebut mengikuti minat petani dan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai dengan daerah pengembangannya yang baru. Varietas unggul yang banyak dikembangkan di Wilayah Timur Indonesia (NTT, NTB, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Maluku Utara) adalah keturunan dari populasi Muna dan MPF 1, sedangkan di Wilayah Barat Indonesia adalah keturunan varietas Meteor YK. Kemurnian benih dari calon kebun benih jambu mete perlu dimonitor mutunya karena jambu mete sifatnya menyerbuk silang. Selain itu, untuk menjamin ketersediaan benih sumber jambu mete berkelanjutan, setiap sentra produksi harus membangun kebun induk terbarukan karena blok penghasil tinggi jambu mete yang ada saat ini sudah tua dan produksinya akan terus menurun.</p>

Hybridization is meant to combine good characters to produce new individuals. This study aims to understand the genetic relationship of parents and progeny derived from crossed pollination. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian of Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute. The plant materials used were female (N2) and male (LDL) parents, F1, F2, and their backcrosses. Morphological characters were observed in young plants grown in pots. Molecular analysis was performed with RAPD. Morphological and molecular data were processed with PBSTAT. The coefficient of diversity for the genetic relationship of parents and progeny derived from crossed pollination (N2 x LDL) based on morphology ranged from 12-50% or Similarity of 50-88%. The dissimilarity between parents (N2 and LDL) and both hybrids (LH 4-5 and LH 4-5-5) was 32%. The genetic relationships based on RAPD obtained diversity coefficients ranging from 40-80% or Similarity of 20-60%. The dissimilarity between parents (N2 and LDL) with both hybrids (LH 4-5 and LH 4-5-5) was 46%. Similarity-based on morphological characters is higher than on RAPD markers.

<em>Cashew in cross-pollinated plants, one effort to improve the diversity gentik in germplasm of cashew nut was carried out by a cross between high-producing elders  and the elderly tolerant of </em>helopeltis sp.<em> </em><em>The aimed of this study is to know the variability of 25 accession of cashew nut hybrid based on leaf morphology characters. The study was conducted at Cikampek Experimental Station, from January to December 2016, using direct observation method <strong> </strong>the<strong> </strong>qualitative and quantitative morphological characters of the cashew at the age of two years. Observations were done on eight plants per plot, each observed as many as 50 leaves per plant. The result showed that the morphology character of cashew nut varied. Character of leaf ovatus, obovatus, and oblong The trunk and rounded ends, pointed and blunt. Form the edge of the leaf, form the bottom and top surfaces smooth leaves. The color of the adult leaves was dark green, and young leaves were reddish brown and  yellowish  green.  The  diversity  18.35-100 %  and  the level the closeness of 0.10-0.38, divided into two groups. Group one separated by characters a leaf shape  oblongus,  leaf  base  form  of the rotundatus, leaf tip shape rotundatus and obtusus and young leaves color BGB N199 A, group two separated by the <em>characters of the leaf shape obovate, leaf base form of the obtusus, leaf tip shape acuminatus and retusus and young leaves color GB 200 B. The lenght of the leaf characters, the width of the leaf, the leaf thickness and the length of the petiole vary with the degree of diversity 47.67-96.94 % and the proximity distance 0.19-6.19 which is divided into teo groups. One group was separated by the the highest leaf length character 17.6-20.6 cm, whereas the two group was separated by the smallest leaf length character 14.6-17.1 cm.</em></em>