Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus (OP) insecticide used in the control of a wide variety of insects. Its wide use in agriculture raises a growing public concern about the accumulation of these insecticides in food products and water supplies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicological effect of CPF on thyroid and suprarenal glands. Twenty adult male albino rats were used in this work and divided into two groups: control (group І) and CPF-treated (group ІІ). The treated group received CPF daily in a dose of 5.4 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Serum T3, T4, TSH, corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The thyroid and suprarenal glands were evaluated for oxidative stress and microscopically. Results showed that CPF induced a significant decrease of serum T3 and T4 and a significant increase of serum TSH. Serum corticosterone was increased but statistically insignificant. Serum and tissues MDA were significantly increased. Histological examination of thyroid gland revealed that most follicles appeared degenerated with empty lumen due to decrease colloid, obvious exfoliation of the follicular epithelial cells and vascular congestion. Adrenals showed increased vacuolations of zona granulosa cells. Thus, it was concluded that chlorpyrifos exposure for 28 days causes damage to thyroid and suprarenal glands.

No abstract

Orlistat is a widely used anti-obesity agent available as a Mn-prescription medicatio11 in many developed countries. Its long term use may result in an increasing frequency of chronic toxicity. This work was designed to clarify the effect of Orlist.at on the colonic cell proliferation and the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of Ginseng in experimemal animals. Eighty adult male albiM rats were used in this work; group J (control g:oup) received a standard diet. Group II (Ginsertg group) fed on diet containing lo/o red Ginseng. Group lll (high fat diet group, HFD)fed onlO% corn-oil enriched diet. Group IV (Or/is tat group) received oral Orlistat (125 mg I kg I day), group V (Orlistat + HFD group). Group VI (HFD + Ginseng group). Group VII (Or/istat + Ginseng group) and lastly group VII! (Orlistat + HFD + Ginseng group). After 16 weeks, animals were sacrificed and their colons were immunostained using proliferating cell n.uclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker of cell proliferation which is the biomarker of increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancer. Results showed that Orlistat and / or HFD resulted in increased immuMlabelling for PCNA causing a statistically significant increase in PCNA-labelling Index (PCNA-LI) when compared with the control groups. Ginseng when combined with Orlistat or HFD or Orlistat + HFD caused a significant decrease of both the immu110labelling and PCNA-Ll. Consequently, it has been proposed to clarify the long-term impact of Orlistat treatment for physicians working in this field and for the public by the drug brochure. Also, Ginseng should be given with Orlistat as a protective agent to ameliorate its p roliferative effect on the colonic mucosa. INTRODUCT ION Obesity is an ever-expanding global health problem, whi ch contributes sigruficantly to individual poor health and societal burden of disease. A nwnber of con-Mansoura J. ForensicMed. Cli11. Toxicol. comitant pathological processes and diseases are associated with obesity including coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, n on-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and certain forms of cancer. Besides changes in diet, behavior and physi