Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. The eyeball is the most common extracutaneous location of melanoma. UM is a huge threat to a patient’s life. It metastasizes distantly via blood vessels, but it can also spread locally and infiltrate extraocular structures. The treatment uses surgical methods, which include, among others, enucleation and conservative methods, such as brachytherapy (BT), proton therapy (PT), stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and photodynamic therapy. The key advantage of radiotherapy, which is currently used in most patients, is the preservation of the eyeball with the risk of metastasis and mortality comparable to that of enucleation. Unfortunately, radiotherapy very often leads to a significant deterioration in visual acuity (VA) as a result of radiation complications. This article is a review of the latest research on ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) brachytherapy, iodine-125 (I-125) brachytherapy and proton therapy of uveal melanoma that took into account the deterioration of eye function after therapy, and also the latest studies presenting the new concepts of modifications to the applied treatments in order to reduce radiation complications and maintain better visual acuity in treated patients.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between lifestyle risk factors for myopia development and the prevalence of nearsightedness among young adults. Materials and Methods: The analysis included 1608 students of Cracow universities. An original questionnaire was distributed to the participants through the Internet or as a paper version. Respondents answered questions about their refractive defects, average time spent per day on: reading, using electronic devices, doing-sports and staying outdoors in daylight. We also asked them about taking care of good lighting conditions, and taking breaks during visual work at close range. Results: Our study shows the prevalence rate of vision defects, with myopia as the dominating one among Cracow's students (63%). Our study showed an association between higher myopia prevalence and longer time spent on near work. More time spent outdoors in daylight, physical activity, and taking breaks during close work were associated with a lower frequency of nearsightedness. Conclusion: There is a connection between some lifestyle behaviors and a higher prevalence of myopia. The development and progression of nearsightedness is a common occurrence among young adults. Abstrakt:Cel: Celem pracy była ocena zależności między czynnikami rozwoju krótkowzroczności związanymi ze stylem życia a częstością jej występowania wśród młodych dorosłych Materiały i metoda: Analizą objęto 1608 studentów krakowskich uczelni wyższych. Ankietowani otrzymali oryginalny kwestionariusz w formie papierowej lub elektronicznej. Respondenci odpowiadali na pytania dotyczące wad wzroku, czasu spędzanego dziennie na czytaniu, używaniu urządzeń elektronicznych, aktywności sportowej, przebywaniu w ciągu dnia poza pomieszczeniami. Ankietowani byli również pytani o jakość oświetlenia oraz przerwy podczas pracy wzrokowej z bliskiej odległości. Wyniki: W badaniu stwierdzono, że krótkowzroczność jest dominującą wadą wzroku u krakowskich studentów (63%). Badanie wykazało związek pomiędzy wyższą krótkowzrocznością a dłuższym czasem spędzanym przy pracy z bliska. Im dłuższy czas spędzany poza pomieszczeniami, na aktywności fizycznej, im częstsze przerwy przy pracy z bliskiej odległości tym mniejsza częstość wystąpienia krótkowzroczności. Wnioski: Istnieje związek pomiędzy stylem życia a wyższą częstością występowania krótkowzroczności. Słowa kluczowe:krótkowzroczność, styl życia, epidemiologia, młodzi dorośli. The authors declare no conflict of interest/ Autorzy zgłaszają brak konfliktu interesów w związku z publikowaną pracą PRACE ORYGINALNE focusing precisely on it. Myopia occurs if the eyeball is too long or the cornea has too much curvature. Therefore, a nearsighted person sees near objects clearly, while objects in the distance are blurred. Nearsightedness is the most common refractive er-https://doi.
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