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Oilseed cakes are produced as a by-product of oil pressing and are mostly used as feed. Their use for human consumption is due to the functional properties and benefits for human health. Herein, oilseed cake flours of eight species (flax, hemp, milk thistle, poppy, pumpkin, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower) were sieved into fractions above (A250) and below (B250) 250 µm. The chemical composition, SDS-PAGE profiles, colour, functional properties and antioxidant activities of these flours were evaluated. The B250 fractions were evaluated as being protein and ash rich, reaching crude protein and ash content ranging from 31.78% (milk thistle) to 57.47% (pumpkin) and from 5.0% (flax) to 11.19% (poppy), respectively. A high content of carbohydrates was found in the flours of hemp, milk thistle and safflower with a significant increase for the A250 fraction, with a subsequent relation to a high water holding capacity (WHC) for the A250 fraction (flax, poppy, pumpkin and sunflower). The A250 milk thistle flour was found to have the richest in polyphenols content (TPC) (40.89 mg GAE/g), with the highest antioxidant activity using an ABTS•+ assay (101.95 mg AAE/g). The A250 fraction for all the species exhibited lower lightness than the B250 fraction. The obtained results indicate that sieving oilseed flour with the aim to prepare flours with specific functional characteristics and composition is efficient only in combination with a particular species.

The aim of the bioassay-guided fractionation was the selection of the most potent group of compounds responsible for the protection of sunflower bee pollen grains. Synthesis of prospective antifungal polyamides of hydroxycinnamic acids was based on previous structural elucidation of ethanol soluble fraction by 1H,1H-PFG-COSY, 1H,13C-HSQC, FT-IR, FT-Raman, and LC–MS experiments. The main compounds found were tri-p-coumaroylspermidines accompanied by other HCAA of spermidine and putrescine. Several model HCAA derivatives were prepared to test their antifungal activity against widespread spoilage fungi (A. niger 42 CCM 8189, F. culmorum DMF 0103, and P. verrucosum DMF 0023). A. niger CCM 8189 and F. culmorum DMF 0103 exhibited higher resistance to the antifungal effects of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, whereas P. verrucosum DMF 0023 was the most sensitive strain. It has been discovered the effect of HCAA polarity on the role of secondary metabolites in the microbial protection of pollen grains. The combination of bioassay-guided fractionation, structural elucidation, selection of prospective compounds, and their synthesis to determine their antifungal properties could be considered as an original approach.

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