without TC, the induction of autophagy was examined. We examined LC-3-II protein and p-mTOR. Furthermore we examined the effects of mTOR inhibitor.Results: Using the Multi Plex kit, we confirmed that LPS induced cytokines production in THP-1 cells. TC downregulated the release of cytokines. MINO inhibited TNF-␣ to 16.0% and 10.7% at 1 h and 2 h, respectively, and inhibited IL-8 to 43.6% and 30.1%. TGC inhibited TNF-␣ to 14.0% and 66.6%, IL-8 to 32.2% and 97.1% respectively, compared to control levels. NF-B inhibitor and p38 inhibitor suppressed of TNF-␣ and IL-8 production. LPS stimulation increased LC-3-II protein, indicating that autophagy was induced. Adding TC with or without LPS, LC-3-II proteins were increased in THP-1 cells. mTOR inhibitor induced autophagy.
Conclusion:We clarified that NF-B and p38/MAPK signaling pathways have a notable effect to regulate cytokines production. We certificated that TCs modulated autophagy induced by LPS in THP-1cells. It is suggested that the modulation of cytokines production and autophagy induction might prevent the severity in rickettsial infection.
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