The nutritional intake of elite open water swimmers during competition is not well established, and therefore this case study aims to provide new insights by describing the feeding strategies adopted by an elite female swimmer (28 yrs; height; 1.71 m; body mass: 60 kg; body fat: 16.0%) in the FINA open water Grand Prix 2014.Seven events of varying distances (15-88 km) and durations (3-12 hrs) were included. In all events, except one, feeds were provided from support boats. Swimmer and support staff were instructed to track in detail all foods and beverages consumed during the events. Nutritional information was gathered from the packaging and dietary supplements labels and analyzed by nutrition software. Mean carbohydrate (CHO) and protein intake reached 83 ± 5 g·h-1 and 12 ± 8 g·h-1, respectively. Fat intake was neglected (~1 g·h-1). Mean in-race energy intake reached 394 ± 26 kcal·h-1. Dietary supplements in the form of sport beverages and gels, containing multitransportable CHO, provided 40 ± 4 and 49 ± 6% of all CHO energy, respectively. Caffeine (3.6 ± 1.8 mg·kg-1 per event) and sodium (423 ± 16 mg·h-1) were additionally supplemented in all events. It was established that continuous intake of high doses of CHO and sodium and moderate dose of caffeine were an essential part of the feeding strategy for elite-level high intensity ultra-endurance open-water swimming races. A well scheduled and well-prepared nutrition strategy is believed to have ensured optimal individual performance during Grand Prix events.

In this paper, the fatigue behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) material with bamboo filler printed by 3D additive printing using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology at different infill densities and print nozzle diameters is investigated. The mechanical test results are supported by the findings from SEM image analysis. The fatigue behavior was tested at four consecutive 250 cycles at loads ranging from 5 to 20, 30, 40, and 50% based on the limits found in the static tensile test. The results of the static tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests confirmed significant effects of infill density of 60%, 80%, and 100% on the tensile strength of the tested specimens. In particular, the research results show a significant effect of infill density on the fatigue properties of the tested materials. The influence of cyclic tests resulted in the strengthening of the tested material, and at the same time, its viscoelastic behavior was manifested. SEM analysis of the fracture surface confirmed a good interaction between the PLA matrix and the bamboo-based filler using nozzle diameters of 0.4 and 0.6 mm and infill densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. Low-cycle testing showed no reductions in the mechanical properties and fatigue lives of the 3D printed samples.

Článek pojednává o evaluaci výchovného efektu zapamatování exaktního technického a přírodovědného učiva, když je výuka vztažena k praktickým a snadno ověřitelným příkladům.

Abstract. This contribution informs about the way to eliminate barrier disinterest of studying concern in the technical field by means of organizing actions, which have put the basic goal -to increase interest of students in technical education. Pedagogical action impress in a frame of physical principles is used in laboratory for phenomena at the interface demonstration and testing its possibilities of using in the teaching of physics at technical universities. Currently, a lot of technically-oriented universities are fighting with the outflow of students and with barrier disinterest of studying concern in the technical field. The source of such a phenomenon is little awareness of students of the technical colleges and universities. It shows how to use the pedagogical effect practically in preparing students for the basic technology. It shows how to increase activity and productivity of students by the right focus on the problem. Research of students cooperation with a teacher in terms of project in technical education is not only nonverbal empirical research, but at the same time shows how the technical teaching process evolves in technically oriented subjects of school educational programmes. Training for technical cooperated projects in relation student-teacher should become part of teaching, if possible, as students cannot be taught in creativity in an isolated manner. Technical and natural subjects are the subjects much suitable for incorporating assignments developing such abilities. Training in technical projects is a very difficult activity, which will only be managed by a teacher, who himself/herself is not only creative, but also prepared methodically for managing and guiding such activities. Therefore, it is necessary to lead the students to creativity, train them to be creative, and provide them with such methodical training. In this article a method is described, how to manage cooperation with students, which leads to deeper understanding of technical problems.

An artist′s impression shows relativistic spin—orbit coupling sitting on top of a heavy atom and pulling electron density from a light atom closer to the heavy atom, thereby causing the interatomic distance to contract. More information can be found in the Research Article by S. Komorovsky, R. Marek et al. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200277).