Background: Bullying is a problem for schools in many countries, especially, according to various surveys, in New Zealand. Students' involvement in bullying as bullies, victims or bystanders has serious implication for emotional, social and academic development. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between bullying, victimisation, prosocial behaviour, and classroom climate. A secondary purpose was to examine the use of the Peer Relations Questionnaire in New Zealand. Sample: A stratified randomised sample of 15 schools were included in this study; 1168 school children (48% male, 52% female) participated. All students were in school years 4-8 (approximately 8-13 years of age). Design and methods: Cross-sectional design was used with students completing anonymous surveys on bullying and other features of their school and classroom experiences. Results: Self-reported data indicated that involvement in bullying was related to empathy and classroom climate, with bullies and bully/victims having lowest connection to school and poorest relationships with their teachers. The Peer Relations Questionnaire was found to be useful with New Zealand youth. Conclusions: These are the first findings on these relationships in New Zealand. The findings have implications for interventions designed to enhance children's emotional experiences at school through enhancing positive teacher-student relationships, empathy and social skills.
The final moments of a life pose a special and very important time for all participants. Sensitive arrangement of events can provide harmony and a peaceful and memorable transition event. A specific situation, in which a feather is used to symbolize the transition, is reported. Hospice programs can offer ecologically based celebration of life and provide a positive transition for patients, families, friends, and staff.
ummaryThe drinking of kava is widespread and frequent among adult men on Tanna, Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides). Effort to prohibit use of kava created a split between the majority of the people and Western missionary and government influences. The story of prohibition reflects different moral and cultural practices coming in conflict. A declining role of Western influence has led to a resolution of the differences in favour of continued kava use.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.