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In 1726, Jean-Philippe Rameau adopted the term sous-dominante for the chord on scale degree 4, thereby positing two 'dominants' -a sous, or lower one, and an upper one, in symmetric relation by fifth to the tonic (Rameau 1726, pp. 38-40). By 1737, Rameau was ready to give the subdominant even greater stature (Fig. 1). 1 In the words of Thomas Christensen: