Introduction: Burn injuries have major health problem because of its high, morbidity, disability and mortality in young and middle-age people. Burn injuries also have social problems associated with it. It may be associated with accidental, suicidal or homicidal causes. Despite of such importance of burn injuries from clinical and social point of view, there is scarcity of research on burn injuries in India. Thus we tried to highlight our observations in this study which had been undertaken to find out the causes of burn and to clinical profile and treatment outcome of burn patients in the our Institute. Material methods: This observational study was conducted from March 2017 to July 2018 in patients of burn injury who were admitted in general surgical wards of Pandit B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak Haryana. We have studied 226 burn patients who admitted in our general surgical units of our Institute. Burns patients who are above 18 years and both sexes were including in the study and patients less than18 years of age were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 226 patients had burns injuries. 162 were male and 64 female in the ratio of M: F-2.53: 1.Males were mostly affected (71.68%) in comparison to females. Most of the burn patients were in the age group of 21-30 years in this studied.i.e.42.02%. Least patients are seen in 50-75 percentage of burn. As regard to causes, The house hold activities has maximum number of patients as shown and electricity is causing second highest cases (26.99%), less number of patients are suicidal (3.53) and unknown etiology is seen seven cases. Conclusion: Burn injury prevention is very difficult task, but to avoid the significant morbidity and mortality following the burn injury. We have to take every measures to control its incidence. A coordinated and dedicated approach by social workers, medical and paramedical personnel, administrators can only minimize the incidence of burn injury in India.

Epidermal cysts are benign tumors commonly known as sebaceous cyst and frequently found throughout the body. These are lined with true, stratified-Squamous epithelium, derived from hair follicle. They can grow of any size and maybe get infected frequently over a period of time. Epidermal is usually asymptomatic and mostly presents as a slowly growing painless mass. Epidermal cyst is most commonly confused with other cysts like dermoid cyst but histopathological examination provides the final diagnosis. We are reporting here an unusual presentation of large epidermal cyst in an old person over sacrumcoccygeal region which was successfully surgically excised. An epidermal cyst of this size is rarely reported over this region.

Human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus are major health problems throughout the world. All over the world surgeons have the highest risk for exposure to blood and its products during performing their procedures. Human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B and hepatitis C affecting more than three billion people worldwide and hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus is the single most important factor of chronic liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma in India and abroad. Universally preoperative testing of these blood born virus HIV, HBV, HCV has been a accepted strategy to reduce the risk of virus transmission. This study was designed to analyse the magnitude of these infections as a global health problem, affecting millions of population throughout globe. This study also describe the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus in surgical patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study done on 275 patients who were admitted for general surgical care between July 2016 and May 2020 in single surgical ward and were positive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies. Results: Patients included in the study were between 16-18 years of age and included both male as well as female. There were 182 male and 93 female with male: female ratio 1: 0.51. Out of 275 patients 33.45% patients were positive for HBsAg, 34.54% were positive for anti-HCV, and 29.09% were positive for anti-HIV. Conclusions: Education of all healthcare workers including doctors along with routine preoperative testing of all patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries are highly important to enhance the awareness of these infection in order to reduce the transmission of disease. As the common message is 'Prevention is better than cure 'It is highly important to prevent further spread of these infections by screening of every patient before any surgery whether elective or emergency and also counselling should be done of all patients. All the doctors and paramedical staff must follow the proper ethical practice to ensuring the use of sterile disposables in all these patients where indicated and also protecting themselves from these viral infections.

Introduction: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs is one of the most common cause for the majority of deaths caused by pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of blood clots in the deep veins which commonly affects the leg veins such as the calf veins, femoral vein, or popliteal vein or veins of the pelvis. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical profile of patients in form of age, sex, etiological factors of deep venous thrombosis in our institute. Also study risk the factors in patients of deep venous thrombosis. Material and Methods: Study was a prospective study which was conducted on 108 symptomatic patients of deep vein thrombosis which were proved by colour doppler ultrasonography. All patients who were more than 18 years of age and either sex were taken into study. Results: In our study 37.03% of the patients were males and 62,97% were females with majority belonging to 21-30 years of age group (33.82%). In this study the youngest patient was 20 years old female and the oldest patient was 96 years old female. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.7. The least common age group affected is extreme of age i.e. ≥ 20 years and > 60 years of age in both sexes. The most common limb affected is left lower limb 62 patients (57.40) and right limb involvement is seen in 39.81% of patients. Bilateral lower limb DVT is present in two patients and one patient was upper limb DVT. Predisposing factors associated with thrombosis in deep veins maximally seen in 46 patients in 42.59% due to unknown cause. Pregnancy and post-partum was the second most common predisposing factor associated with DVT which is seen in 33 patients in 30.55%. Thrombosis due to orthopaedic trauma is seen eight patients only. Chronic illness and malignancy was present in 19.44% of patients. Conclusion: It is very important for accurate diagnosis of DVT to prevent potentially fatal complications like pulmonary embolism (PE) and pulmonary hypertension. Also it is very important to avoid anticoagulants therapy with associated risk of bleeding in patients of misdiagnosed and negative colour doppler findings. Because clinical features are nonspecific; hence new strategies were evolved for diagnosing this condition.