The purpose of this study was to explore potential predictors of medical and vocational rehabilitation treatment compliance among African Americans receiving chronic pain management and state vocational rehabilitation agency sponsored services. Study participants included 51 African Americans with chronic pain associated with an array of health conditions (i.e., head pain, neck pain, back pain, leg pain, and diabetes) served by the North Carolina Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services during fiscal years 2014-2016. The results revealed select demographic characteristics, social support, and health disparities as predictors of compliance. Future implications for rehabilitation policy, service, and research are presented.