Background: Hypertension is the most common medical disorder encountered during pregnancy, occurring in 6-8% of pregnancies. Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are all at increased risk of complications antenatally and in the puerperium.Objective: This study aimed to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes of hospitalized pregnant cases with hypertension.Methods: This was a 3 years retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care centre of Northern India from July 2011 to June 2014. Maternal and Perinatal outcomes were compared among the HDP groups and results were analysed and tabulated by SPSS version, using chi square method.Results: Out of 2,989 deliveries during the defined period, the incidence of women presenting with HDP was 6.92% (n=207). Of these 50.2% (104/207) were pre eclampsia, 35.7% (74/207) eclampsia, 12.5% (26/207) were gestational hypertension and rest were chronic hypertension. The mean age of women presenting with HDP was 25.42 ±4.64 years. Co-morbid conditions like Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was seen in 1.4% (3/207), twin pregnancy was seen in 5.79% (12/207) and obesity was seen in 7.24% (15/207) cases of HDP. There were 2 maternal deaths and 7 neonatal deaths. Maternal complications like acute renal failure (ARF), congestive heart failure (CHF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) & disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were seen more commonly in severe pre-eclampsia group. 62.8% babies (130/207) were premature. Poor neonatal outcome was higher in eclampsia group followed by severe pre-eclampsia group. Conclusion:A substantial burden of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality is associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, more so in eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia group as compared to gestational hypertension and mild preeclampsia.

Jasneet Dhingra et al 222 Cover letter:Vaginal cytology reflects changes in estrogen and progesterone in pregnancy. The change represents a transition from predominance of navicular cells and clusters of intermediate cells (evidence of progesterone) to appearance of fewer or small sheets of clusters with abundance of superficial cells (evidence of progesterone withdrawal) at the onset of labor. Thus, vaginal cytology is a simple and inexpensive parameter to predict the onset of labor with ease. The vaginal smear yields unsurpassed speed and convenience.Bishop score, a clinical parameter also predicts the onset of labor. At the onset of labor, Bishop score improves. ABStrACtAim: To study the changes in vaginal cytology and Bishop score in term pregnancy; to evaluate vaginal cytology and Bishop score as predictors of onset of labor and to compare individual and combined efficacy of both parameters. Materials and methods:The study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Subharti Medical College, Meerut.All antenatal patients, who were at term or at risk of preterm delivery [such as those presenting with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) or with warning signs for preterm labor], were enrolled as the study subject. Patients who were already in established labor or subjected to elective cesarean section were excluded from the study.Each subject was explained about the nature of study and informed written consent was taken. Per speculum examination was done. Leaking, if present, was noted and confirmed with pH change and fern test. Smear were taken from upper one-third of vaginal wall prior and smeared on a glass slide and was fixed in alcohol and stained according to Papanicolaou method. In each smear, individual cell characteristics as well as degree of desquamation was noted.The condition of cervix was evaluated by means of Bishop score. The Bishop score thus estimated was recorded in the working proforma.The patient's vaginal smear for cytology and repeat Bishop score was taken every 24 hours, till the onset of labor. Date and time of onset of labor was noted. Results:The maximum number of subjects were seen in the age category 18 to 24. Most of the women were primi gravida and were between 38 and 39 gestational age group. The decrease in number of clusters at the onset of labor was found statistically significant. Bishop score is increased at the onset of labor as compared to prelabor. Conclusion:Vaginal cytology is a simple and inexpensive parameter to predict the onset of labor with ease. The vaginal smear yields unsurpassed speed and convenience.Bishop score, a clinical parameter, also predicts the onset of labor. At the onset of labor, Bishop score improves.

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Background: The objective was to study the psychosexual profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal females visiting a tertiary care centre.Methods: The present study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecological Department of Subharti Medical College and Hospital from July 2013 to June 2015.A questionnaire was made including the questions regarding the various symptoms and problems encountered by both peri and postmenopausal females. A detailed interaction in the form of history and examination was done on a total of 220 patients which included both type of females. They were then given a questionnaire which they filled it by themselves or with assistance from our side. The females in both the groups were then analysed on the presence or absence of a particular symptom and whether the difference was statistically significant or not and the data was analysed using Chi square test.Results: The study showed varied symptoms in both the type of females be it Perimenopausal or post-menopausal. The vasomotor and the psychological symptoms were more common in the perimenopausal females whereas the physical and sexual symptoms were more common in post-menopausal females. Variations from this pattern were also found. The mean age of menopause was found to be 48.3 years with only 1.81% females above 70 years.Conclusions: The perimenopausal and postmenopausal females do undergo many physiological as well as psychological changes that surely affects their social, personal as well as sexual life. Thus they require a lot of care and support and adequate evaluation so that they can be treated well.