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Strength of hydrogen bonds of water depends on local environment J. Chem. Phys. 136, 144305 (2012) Modeling of an ionic liquid electrospray using molecular dynamics with constraints J. Chem. Phys. 136, 124507 (2012) Epitaxial oxide bilayer on Pt (001)

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The removal of single atomic layers from multi-layer graphene using a He plasma is reported. By applying sample biases of -60 and +60 V during He plasma exposure, layer removal is found to be due to electrons instead of He ions or neutrals in the plasma. The rate of layer removal depends on exposure time, sample bias and pre-annealing treatments. Optical contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies show that the removal of C atoms occurs approximately one layer at a time across the entire multi-layer sample with no observable production of large pits or reduction in lateral dimensions. Layer removal is proposed to arise from the electron-stimulated dissociation of C atoms from the basal plane. This process differs from plasma techniques that use reactive species to etch multi-layer graphene.