CSA-13 retained potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus over the course of 30 serial passages. Resistance generated in Gram-negative bacteria correlates with modifications to the outer membranes of these organisms and was not stable outside of the presence of the antimicrobial.

Ceragenin CSA-138 appears well suited for providing an innate immune-like function to abiotic hydrogel contact lenses for extended periods of time. Elution of even low concentrations of CSA-138 (<0.5 μg) is sufficient to eliminate inocula of 10⁶ CFU of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.