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Background and Objectives:In this study, we investigated the T helper (Th) to T cytotoxic (Tc) ratio in children suffered from hemophilia disease. 80 diagnostic subjects referred to Ali Asghar hospital of Zahedan city, Zahedan-Iran, were selected and the ratio of these cells were analyzed by analytic descriptive methods.Method of study:Two mls of EDTA anti coagulated whole blood was collected. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes count was carried out by FACS analysis using a double CD4 and CD8 kit. The mean ± SD of absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes/ml was calculated and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was evaluated by statistical method.Results:We found 100% of patients were type A hemophilia. Among of them 66 (82.5%) were male. The mean age was 15±3.51 years. 12 (15%) of them had mild disease intensity and 68 (85%) had sever disease intensity. The ratio of CD4 and CD8 was obtained between 0.45 and 1.44 with mean1.79 ±0.78 and correlation with the gender and disease intesivity was 0.095 and 0.019 respectively.Conclusions:The results showed that the ratio of T helper (Th) to T cytotoxic (Tc) has significant correlation with

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by a tick-borne virus in the family of Bunyaviridae. It is asymptomatic in infected animals, but it can cause severe hemorrhagic disease in human with mortality rate of 3% to 50%. Viral load and inflammatory cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the level of interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with CCHF and the relationship of its level with the severity of infection and clinical outcome of patients with CCHF. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional and prospective study evaluated all patients with confirmed CCHF admitted to Boo-Ali hospital in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran, from March 2012 to Jan 2015. The disease was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgM and IgG and /or real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, a blood sample was drawn on the day of admission to test the level of IL-6 in the serum of patients. Then, the relationship between serum level of IL-6 with the severity of disease and clinical outcome in patients was evaluated. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and a P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 50 patients with CCHF (38% female, 62% male with the age range of 18 -63 years), the serum level of IL-6 was higher than normal (7 pg/mL) in 60% of the patients. According to the severity index disseminated intravascular coagulation score (DIC

Findings of the current study highlighted the underlying inflammatory process following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) procedure and can be a good sample for further investigations. Introduction: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was established as a dramatic procedure in the treatment of urinary stones. According to the growing utilization of ESWL as a major method of urinary stone, management and the reports have been reported based on renal tissue damage. Objectives: We decided to examine the severity of ESWL-induced renal tissue damage and its related factors by monitoring the urinary levels of cytokines. Patients and Methods: In this study, the urinary samples of 32 patients with urolithiasis were taken before, 24 hours and 14 days after ESWL and interleukin-1ɑ (IL-1a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Our findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the urinary levels of both IL-1ɑ and IL-6 in 14 days before and after ESWL. Conclusion: According to our results, ESWL leads to an inflammatory process in the urinary tract and the inflammation have continuously increased up to 14 days after procedure. Please cite this paper as: