To accelerate genetic gains in breeding, physiological trait (PT) characterization of candidate parents can help make more strategic crosses, increasing the probability of accumulating favorable alleles compared to crossing relatively uncharacterized lines. In this study, crosses were designed to complement
Bacteria have been used to increase crop yields. For their application on crops, bacteria are provided in inoculant formulations that are continuously changing, with liquid- and solid-based products. Bacteria for inoculants are mainly selected from natural isolates. In nature, microorganisms that favor plants exhibit various strategies to succeed and prevail in the rhizosphere, such as biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and siderophore production. On the other hand, plants have strategies to maintain beneficial microorganisms, such as the exudation of chemoattractanst for specific microorganisms and signaling pathways that regulate plant–bacteria interactions. Transcriptomic approaches are helpful in attempting to elucidate plant–microorganism interactions. Here, we present a review of these issues.
México ha sido deficitario en el abasto de trigo panificable (Triticum aestivum L.), situación que se ha agravado en épocas recientes, ya que la superficie sembrada con estecereal ha disminuido en 32 % de 1985 a la fecha (INEGI, 2017); por el contrario, la producción de trigo cristalino o macarronero (Triticum durum Desf.) es suficiente para cubrir la demanda nacional y exportar los excedentes.
La totalidad de la producción de trigo cristalino (Triticum durum Desf.) en México se obtiene en condiciones de riego (SIAP, 2018), donde los principales problemas del cultivo son la incidencia de royas y la escasez de agua durante el ciclo de producción. En particular, en el año 2014 se presentaron dos nuevas razas de roya amarilla (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Eriks.) que vencieron la resistencia de la mayoría de las variedades que se siembran en México (Solís et al., 2016); además, la roya de la hoja (Puccinia triticina) presentó una variante en el año 2017 que volvió susceptibles a las variedades sembradas en el noroeste del país (Pérez-López et al., 2017). En los dos casos se ha requerido de la aplicación de fungicidas para su control.
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