Background Isolated fallopian tube torsion associated with hydrosalpinx is a rare condition in the pediatric population. We present this unusual clinical case study in a sexually inactive girl. Case presentation a12-year-old Caucasian girl presented symptoms of acute abdominal pain. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a normal looking uterus and ovaries and next to left ovary a imaging compatible with hydrosalpinx. She was discharged 48 hours later after clinical monitoring with oral analgesia and normal blood workup. At 3 weeks, she was readmitted for acute abdominal pain. Leukocytosis with left shift and raised C-reactive protein were observed. Her clinical condition worsened, and complication of the preexisting hydrosalpinx was suspected. Exploratory laparoscopy confirmed torsion of the fallopian tube. Left salpingectomy was performed. Histopathologic study confirmed a fallopian tube with hemorrhagic infarct. Conclusion Torsion of the fallopian tube must be considered in the event of acute abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and trying conservative management with a view to preserving fertility in this group of patients are essential.

Highlights This entity has pathological characteristics identical to mucinous colorectal carcinoma. KRAS mutations are observed in approximately 40% of colorectal cancers. The treatment and management may not differ from that of squamous cell carcinomas.

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Background The spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma to the inner surface of the uterus with replacement of the endometrium is rare. Continuity of the lesion must be demonstrated to confirm superficial spread and rule out concomitant endometrial cancer. Case presentation We present the case of a 66-year-old white woman with superficial spreading squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix that involved the endometrium. Her relevant past history included conization of the cervix to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III with positive margins. She subsequently had three negative cervical vaginal cytology results, each with a positive high-risk human papillomavirus test. Transvaginal ultrasound showed occupation of the entire uterine cavity by dense material consistent with pyometra in addition to myometrial thinning due to tension and cervical dilation. The patient presented with greenish vaginal discharge of 3 months’ duration. The cervix was not visible during speculum examination. Access for endometrial sampling was not possible, raising suspicion of post-conization cervical stenosis. The patient was treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy with double adnexectomy. Histologic examination showed superficial squamous cell carcinoma invading the cervix to a depth of 2.8 mm; superficial spreading squamous cell carcinoma in situ was also observed in the lower uterine segment and endometrium. The patient was free of symptoms 12 months after surgery. Conclusions Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with superficial spread to the endometrium is not included in the 2020 (fifth edition) World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tract Tumors or the 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer staging system. More clinical cases are needed to identify other prognostic factors and inform clinical practice guidelines on the management of this disease.

La colitis ulcerosa y la enfermedad de Crohn son los dos principales tipos de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y afectan de manera crónica e inmunomediada al tubo digestivo. Surgen por la interacción del sistema inmune y la microbiota intestinal con factores genéticos y ambientales, siendo el tabaco uno de los más influyentes. Debido a una confusión en la bibliografía, se evalúa si existe un efecto real del tabaquismo en estas enfermedades mediante un metaanálisis. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed y Google Académico y se calculó un OR combinado, partiendo del modelo de efectos fijos, de los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión marcados. Nuestros resultados confirman que el tabaco es un factor protector para la colitis ulcerosa con OR combinados significativos estadísticamente y similares a los de otros metaanálisis realizados anteriormente. Sin embargo, la asociación del tabaco como factor de riesgo para la enfermedad de Crohn no está tan clara, debido a que los OR combinados obtenidos son no significativos o están cerca de la no significación y son más pequeños que en otros metaanálisis, aunque sí se detectó que debería ser analizada en estudios futuros.