Objective: To determine the variations in iron profile in pre- and post-hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the physiology department with the collaboration of the urology department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from April 2021 to September 2021. Patient of either gender with chronic kidney disease between the ages of 18- and 50-years undergoing hemodialysis were included. Blood samples were collected using serum tubes to analyze the iron profile before and after dialysis. Changes in hematological parameters were evaluated by comparing pre and post data. All data were recorded in a proforma and entered into the SPSS 26.0 version for the purpose of analysis. Results: A total of 167 patients were studied; their mean age was 43.23+12.90 years. Out of all study subjects 61.1% were males and 38.9% were females. The mean duration of dialysis was 13.40 ± 2.88 months. As per the pre- and post-serum iron profiles, the average serum iron level, serum ferritin level, and serum TIBC were statistically insignificant (p- >0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the iron levels before dialysis were observed to be higher than after dialysis, and the average levels of serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were found to be higher after dialysis, albeit statistically insignificant. Keywords: Hemodialysis, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC

Background: Ecchino coccosis or hydatid cyst disease is a common parasitic disease that is known to affect bothhumans and animals and is an important health problem in poorly developed countries. Objectives: In this histopathological retrospectivestudy, we aimed to evaluate hydatid cyst disease occurring at different sites of body and were diagnosed during last fifteen years inpathology department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro from January 1996 to December 2010.Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study. Materials: A total of 80 cases of hydatid cyst disease of different organs diagnosed atpathology department LUMHS Jamshoro and retrieved from Histopathological record. Results: Out of these 80 cases, 56 cases (70%)were of liver, 8 (10%) of lung, 5 (6.25%) of ovary. 01 case (1.2%) thyroid, 02 cases (2.5%) submandibular region and 8 (10%) eachoccurring at thigh, forearm, palm, cheek and fronto-temporal region. Majority of cases seen in females and M/F ratio of 1:3.6 and with agerange of 8-65 years. More than 50% of cases were seen between 30-65 years of age. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst of liver was mostcommon site followed by lung. But it can also be included in differential diagnosis of solitary cystic lesions of ovary and thyroid as well.