SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Forty–six cases of carcinoma of the penis treated primarily by surgery were reviewed. The following conclusions were reached: Clinical staging as determined at the initial examination was of little value. Pathological division into “solid” or “cord” pattern was of great importance in selecting cases with a good (solid) or poor prognosis (cord). The degree of differentiation was of much less prognostic value. Urinary troubles were rare following a partial or radical amputation. There was little point in preserving penile length except for psychological reasons, as few cases were having regular sexual intercourse when their disease was diagnosed. We would like to thank Mr W. Keith Yeates of the Department of Urology, Newcastle General Hospital, for permission to include a number of his cases in this series.

Knee and hip arthroplasty are common surgeries within an aging population. Some data has suggested that knee arthroplasty is more traumatic to the body than hip arthroplasty due to the increased complexity and load bearing nature of the joint. Here, we compare the stress of the two surgeries by measuring urinary neopterin and total neopterin as biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Urinary neopterin and total neopterin (neopterin + 7,8-dihydroneopterin) levels were analysed in 28 knee and 22 hip arthroplasty patients pre- and post-operatively to determine oxidative stress and inflammation levels. Total neopterin was 31.1% higher with knee arthroplasty (p<0.05). Urinary neopterin was 32.8% higher in the knee arthroplasty group versus hips. The increase in neopterin and total neopterin following a post-surgical decrease in levels was significant in both groups. Levels of neopterin and total neopterin were varied between patients, but all increased following surgery and subsided by day 28. The increased levels of urinary neopterin and total neopterin from knee arthroplasty indicate that knee osteoarthritis and arthroplasty is a more significant trauma to the body than hip osteoarthritis and arthroplasty surgery. This is also shown by faster inflammatory resolution following hip arthroplasty.

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