The Retinomax autorefractor measures were more minus compared with the table-mounted autorefractor and subjective refraction. The Retinomax autorefractor is not recommended for research purposes, unless in remote inaccessible areas where a portable instrument is necessary and cycloplegia is not possible.

No abstract

Comment. X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is a retinal dystrophy that may have a variety of clinical findings. Fundus findings often mimic cystoid macular edema; however, there is no leakage on fluorescein angiography. The pathologic feature involves a split in the nerve fiber layer and may be related to Muller cell dysfunction. 3 Funduscopy demonstrates foveal schisis in virtually all patients and peripheral retinoschisis in half of the cases. 3 Clinically, pigmentary changes can develop in the fovea with loss of foveal schisis across time. 3 Moreover, the plications described with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis reflect a true split in the retina, as supported by the OCT findings. The OCT indicates that the split involves multiple retinal layers in the same cross section, including the nerve fiber layer and/or deeper layers. The broad area of flat central tissue on OCT suggests that foveal schisis may collapse with subsequent alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium and overlying retina. Menchini et al 4 have shown similar OCT results in myopic females with unilateral macular retinoschisis. In conclusion, OCT may offer new insight into the pathologic features of this condition. In this case, it was used to reveal unique foveal pathologic features of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis.

House officers are known to endure marked levels of sleep deprivation in administration of their duties. We aim to establish sleep patterns of local house officers while on the job and the impact it might have on their mood and sleepiness state. We also studied their sleep during their final year of medical school and pre-university for identification of any prior sleep deprivation. Questionnaires were used to assess sleep and mood change. Sleepiness levels on the day after call were assessed using the Stamford Sleepiness Scale. Subjects were found to sleep a median of only 1.0 (± 2.0) h per night on call and 6.0 h (± 1.0) per non-call night. They suffered median of 5 interruptions (± 5) during sleep on one night call. Night call was found to adversely affect mood in 89.5% of the subjects while daytime sleepiness levels following call were found to increase the more the time spent at work after call. Subjects were found to have had 6.5 h (± 1.0) of sleep per night during final year of medical school and 8.0 h (± 1.0) in final year of pre-university. House officers enter the profession chronically sleep-deprived. The call schedule and general work regime further add to the existent sleep deprivation and may have adverse consequences on patient care and doctor's health. This calls for measures to be instituted for provision of proper sleep and work hours for them.