Medical imaging is an integral part of radiology. This technology has its significance in assisting physicians in clinical procedures. Artificial intelligence and machine learning was recently established in diagnosis of lesions using medical imaging modalities in radiology for various medical diagnoses such as tumor in oral cavities, lungs, using histopathology images. The objective of this chapter is to present the workflow of computer-aided medical diagnosis involved in various imaging modalities with case study on ophthalmology and oral cancer. Towards the end, the machine learning workflow is summarized with directions for future research. Towards the end, summary on research challenges in digital pathology is presented. Finally, the chapter concludes with future research directions.
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