Aim: The aim of current investigation to prepare nanostructured lipid carrier system for topical delivery of clobetasol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) gel for ease of application on psoriatic dermal and to evaluate its antipsoriatic efficacy compare with conventional clobetasol ointment formulation. Objective: The objective was to develop a nanogel composed of clobetasol (clobetasol-17-propionate [CP])-loaded NLCs (CP-NLCs) and to evaluate its efficiency in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in mice. Materials and Methods: CP-NLCs nanogel was prepared by emulsification and sonication method and optimized by design of experiments. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (EE) were selected as the critical quality attributes. Antipsoriatic efficiency of CP-NLCs nanogel was evaluated by psoriatic area and severity index (PASI) score and histopathological examination in the IMQ-induced psoriasis model. Results and Discussion: Optimized formulation CP-NLCs showed that PS, PDI, and %EE were found to be 95.3 ± 2.56 nm, 0.192 ± 0.011, and 81.3 ± 2.59%, respectively. At the end of 24 h, CP-NLCs gel exhibited slow and prolonged release of CP (74.6 ± 3.82% vs. 35.1 ± 3.58) compared to CP-ointment. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the PASI score with recovery of normalcy of the mice's skin, while the CP-loaded gel shown signs of hyper and parakeratosis at the end of the study. Conclusion: The formulated CP-NLCs gel can be a promising alternative treatment for psoriasis.
The Urinary System is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The Urinary system includes the following; Two kidneys responsible for formation of urine. Two ureters responsible for the transport of urine to urinary bladder from kidney. Urinary bladder temporary store-house of urine and Urethra.The Urinary system works with the other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis. The kidneys are the main organs of homeostasis because they maintain the acid base balance and the water salt balance of the blood [1]. Kidneys:The paired kidneys are reddish, bean-shaped organs located just above the waist between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of abdomen. Because their position is posterior to the peritoneum of the abdomen cavity, they are said to be retroperitoneal organs. The kidneys are located between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae, a position where they are partially protected by the eleventh and twelfth pairs of ribs. a. External anatomy of kidney:Each kidney is 10-12 cm (4-5 in.) long, 5-7 cm (2-3 in.) wide, and 3 cm (1 in.) thick. The lateral surface of the kidney is convex. The medial surface is concave and has a vertical cleft called the renal hilum. The ureters, renal
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