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Influence of nitrogen on diamond growth in oxyacetylene combustion chemical vapor deposition J. Appl. Phys. 92, 4095 (2002); 10.1063/1.1502925Compositional mapping of the argon-methane-hydrogen system for polycrystalline to nanocrystalline diamond film growth in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition systemIn this work, we report on a series of transitions in morphology and texture as 5-1000 parts per million of nitrogen were added to 2% and 1% methane-hydrogen depositions of polycrystalline diamond films. Five results are reported. ͑1͒ The threshold for transition into the ͕100͖-faceted morphology occurred at lower parts per million nitrogen for the 1% versus the 2% methanehydrogen series, opposite from the transition thresholds previously reported. ͑2͒ At 1000 parts per million nitrogen the film quality of both series had not yet seriously degraded. ͑3͒ A well defined sequence of intermediate texture transitions as a function of increasing parts per million nitrogen was observed for both series. ͑4͒ A pretransition morphology of large crystallites interspersed among microcrystalline material directly preceding the transitions to the ͕100͖-faceted morphology was observed for both series. ͑5͒ A layered growth and/or etched morphology at high nitrogen concentrations was observed for both series. We discuss these observations in terms of the possible influence of our deposition conditions on the accessibility of diamond growth parameter space and chemistry, including possible dynamical effects of the temperature gradients.

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) embarked on a project to review the existing distribution outage and interruption reporting system on the intranet (known as TOMS-TNB Outage Management System) with the view to include the following major attributes/objectives.: 1) To align reporting methods and terms used to international standards. 2) To make use of utility-wide databases on assets, customer billing and information as the sources for identifying affected components and customer counts. 3) To improve customer service and supply reliability in the light of evolving industry drivers that include performance-based regulation, guaranteed service levels, e-business economy, deregulation, competition, highly publicized outage events and enhanced customer awareness. 4) To apply the asset management concepts of FMECA/FMEA in identifying outage modes and causes. 5) To review reliability index calculations in line with internationally accepted standards. 6) To establish applications of the outage database for reliability-based and risk-based network planning.

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