No abstract

Background and Legal Considerations 4. The term «take-over bid» is used interchangeably throughout the present text with its American equivalent, «tender offer». The term «take-over bid» is defined in the Québec Securities Act, R.S.Q., c. V-1.1, as amended, at s. 110 as an offer to purchase for cash voting or equity securities of a company whereby the person proposing the bid would obtain or increase his interest of 20% or more of the outstanding securities of that class of securities at the date of the offer to purchase. The term "tender offer" is not defined by American federal legislation and as a result, U.S. Courts have formulated their own definition. See for example S.E.C. v. Carter Hawley Hale Stores, Inc., 760 F. 2d 945 (1985) where the court found that the existence of a tender offer is determined by the following factors: (1) active and widespread solicitation of public shareholders for shares of an issuer; (2) solicitation made for a substantial percentage of the issuer's stock; (3) offer to purchase made at a premium over the prevailing market price; (4) terms of the offer are firm rather than negotiable; (5) offer contingent on the tender of a fixed maximum number of shares to be purchased; (6) offer open only for a limited period of time; (7) offeree subjected to selling pressure; and (8) public announcements of a purchasing program concerning the target company precede or accompany rapid accumulation of a large amount of a target's securities. 5. For general comments on various defensive measures see L. Serafini, «Survol des tactiques défensives» in

4M1). Growth, feed digestibility and carcass characteristics of male dairy calves infused with growth hormone-releasing factor and/or actively immunized against somatostatin.One week after weaning, 16 animals were immunized (IMM) against human-globulin (hG-IMM) and 16 against SRIF conjugated to hG (SRIF-IMM) in Freund's complete adjuvant. Subsequent boosters in Freund's incomplete adjuvant were made on days 14, 28, 56 and 73 of the experimental period. On day 79, half of the animals within each immunization treatment were infused continuously with human GRF(1-29)NH 2 (3.33 ng min −1 kg −1 BW) and the other half with saline over a 32-day period. GRF increased (P= 0.01) body weight gain by 12%, whereas SRIF immunization decreased (P= 0.01) weight gain by 7.5% during the infusion period (days 79-111). However, the effect of SRIF immunization on growth rate was not significant (P\0.10) when considered over the entire duration of the experiment (days 0-111). Feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention and metabolizability of energy were not affected (P \ 0.10) by SRIF immunization or GRF infusion. However, GRF infusion increased pancreatic activity of amylase (PB 0.05). In conclusion, GRF, unlike SRIF immunization, could be used to improve growth performance of fast-growing corn-fed bull calves.

<p>The St. Lawrence River is one of the largest river affected by seasonal ice formation outside the periglacial domain. It is also a major socio-economical axis in eastern North America where human activities and facilities are numerous within its fluvial corridor, upstream Quebec City (QC, Canada). Recent flooding episodes in 2017 and 2019 have shown that the sustainability of the St. Lawrence River and thus its socio-economic and ecological services will likely be altered in a near future. Bank erosion today represents a major hazard for land owners, infrastructures and riverine ecosystems. Consequently, there is a growing need to integrate bank erosion hazard in order to ensure sustainable management of riparian areas and to adapt land-use planning strategies.</p><p>Literature review and field surveys allowed us to conceptualize a scientific framework about bank erosion dynamics in large rivers characterized by the formation of river ice. We used this framework within the fluvial corridor of the St. Lawrence River to identify bank erosion processes and their drivers, with a focus on the role of river ice and the impacts of anthropogenic stressors such as urbanization, riverbank concreting, large-scale damming, and maritime traffic. We illustrate erosion processes and their impacts through several case studies representing different ecosystems from the fluvial section of the St. Lawrence River. We then discuss the future changes in the nature, the timing, the frequency and the magnitude of bank erosion processes to address the challenges caused by climate change and increased human activities in the St. Lawrence, and more generally in large rivers affected by seasonal ice formation.</p>

No abstract