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The total synthesis of a fully protected palytoxin carboxylic acid was achieved from eight building blocks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 13. The C.22-C.23 and C.37-C.38 bonds were formed via Wittig olefination, followed by hydrogenation. The Ni(II)/Cr(II)-mediated coupling reaction was utilized for formation of the C.7-C.8 and C.84-C.85 bonds. The TlOH-accelerated diene synthesis was applied for formation of the C.75-C.76 bond. The C.98-C.99 olefinic bond was introduced by a Wittig reaction, whereas the C.51-C.52 olefinic bond was introduced by a Horner-Emmons reaction, followed by stereoselective LiBH4/EuCl3 reduction.

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