Résumé -Mots clés : Intoxication, arrêt cardiorespiratoire, pentobarbital, hémofiltration, hémodiafiltration Abstract -Introduction: Despite the decline in the use and marketing of short-acting barbiturates, cases of severe poisoning by these products are still observed. Method and results: We report the observation of cardiac arrest in a young woman of 25 years secondary to attempted drug autolysis by pentobarbital whose serum concentration was 85.1 mg/L (assay performed by high-performance liquid chromatography) then decreased to 2 mg/L after 36 hours of hemofiltration. The clinical course was that of a subcortical wakeup of severe postanoxic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Renal replacement therapy may allow a more rapid decline in serum concentration of pentobarbital, but it must meet treatment goals.

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