In recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies have seen great advances, particularly, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL), which provides a powerful and flexible routing framework that can be applied in a variety of application scenarios. In this context, as an important role of IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can utilize RPL to design efficient routing protocols for a specific application to increase the ubiquity of networks with resource-constrained WSN nodes that are low-cost and easy to deploy. In this article, our work starts with the description of Agricultural Low-power and Lossy Networks (A-LLNs) complying with the LLN framework, and to clarify the requirements of this application-oriented routing solution. After a brief review of existing optimization techniques for RPL, our contribution is dedicated to a Scalable Context-Aware Objective Function (SCAOF) that can adapt RPL to the environmental monitoring of A-LLNs, through combining energy-aware, reliability-aware, robustness-aware and resource-aware contexts according to the composite routing metrics approach. The correct behavior of this enhanced RPL version (RPAL) was verified by performance evaluations on both simulation and field tests. The obtained experimental results confirm that SCAOF can deliver the desired advantages on network lifetime extension, and high reliability and efficiency in different simulation scenarios and hardware testbeds.

National audienceLes ontologies ont été utilisées ces dernières années pour résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes et en particulier pour améliorer l’interopérabilité dans les systèmes d’information. Les objectifs de cet article sont de présenter différents types d’ontologies utilisées en agriculture et d’expliquer comment les systèmes d’information utilisent ces ontologies pour résoudre leurs problèmes d’interopérabilité

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Sources like thesauri or taxonomies are already used as input in ontology development process. Some of them are also published on the LOD using the SKOS format. Reusing this type of sources to build an ontology is not an easy task. The ontology developer has to face different syntax and different modelling goals. We propose in this paper a new methodology to transform several non-ontological sources into a single ontology. We take into account: the redundancy of the knowledge extracted from sources in order to discover the consensual knowledge and Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) to guide the transformation process. We have evaluated our methodology by creating an ontology on wheat taxonomy from three sources: Agrovoc thesaurus, TaxRef taxonomy, NCBI taxonomy.