This study examines the identity transition of women when they become mothers and return to work. Twenty-two firsttime mothers were interviewed at two points in time: just after giving birth and on re-entry into employment after maternity leave. The findings suggest that this transition is influenced by multiple factors on different levels which include individual factors, such as partner support and career aspirations, organizational factors such as familyfriendly work practices and role models, and societal factors such as social norms and attitudes towards the maternal body. The findings highlight the importance of context by stressing the interrelated nature of factors on the micro-, meso-and macro-level in order to better understand the identity transition to motherhood. KEYWORDS identity, multilevel perspective, re-entering the workforce, transition to motherhood, working mothers
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how managers deal with religious diversity in secular organizations in France. Design/methodology/approach In total, 28 semi-structured in-depth interviews with managers in France were conducted, transcribed and analyzed. Findings The findings reveal three distinct strategies. First, the authors identified a “flexibility within the rules” strategy in which managers try to accommodate religious practices by making allowances, create mutual understanding and trust. Second, a “separation strategy” emerged in which managers keep work and religion clearly separated. Those managers expressed a strong adherence to rules and perceived the implementation of allowances difficult not only for their own organization but also in light of third parties with whom they worked. Third, the findings reveal a “common-ground” strategy in which managers stressed the communalities between individual workers, downplayed their differences and sought to create a strong corporate culture to which all employees could relate. Practical implications The expression of religious beliefs in the workplace is increasing. However, little is known about how managers deal with the perceived clash of secularism and the presence of different religions in the workplace. Implications for managers such as taking into account perceptions of justice, practical issues as well as the importance of communication and education are discussed. Originality/value Religion is a deep-level and understudied aspect of diversity management that deserves more attention given the increase in religious diversity in the workplace.
Purpose This study aims to explore and synthesize the role of knowledge management (KM) in tourism organizations (including micro, small, medium and large enterprises and destination management organizations). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts systematic review methods to synthesize the role of KM in tourism from 90 journal articles. Findings This study identifies the prominent theories adopted to explore the relation and impact of KM in the tourism sector, the geographic distribution of the literature and thorough qualitative synthesis. This study identifies the critical research themes investigated and the outcome of KM applications. Finally, through reviews, this study identifies critical gaps in the literature and offer promising avenues to advance the KM in tourism research. Originality/value This is one of the few papers that comprehensively review the role of KM in the tourism industry and offer implications.
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