The coordinate-transformation-based differential method of Chandezon et al. [J. Opt. (Paris) 11, 235 (1980); J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 839 (1982)] (the C method) is one of the simplest and most versatile methods for modeling surface-relief gratings. However, to date it has been used by only a small number of people, probably because, traditionally, elementary tensor theory is used to formulate the method. We reformulate the C method without using any knowledge of tensor, thus, we hope, making the C method more accessible to optical engineers.

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We demonstrate theoretically a polarization-independent guided-mode resonant filter with only a one dimensional grating. A rigorous method, the modal method by Fourier expansion, is used to compute the diffracted efficiencies of the grating. Wave-vector analysis fails to correctly design a polarization-independent structure. We show that a rigorous analysis of the resonances must be employed to obtain such a device; using a pole approach, we study the effects of grating parameters on the resonances of both polarizations.

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