The carcinogenic potential of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5f]quinoline (IQ) was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys. Monkeys received IQ, beginning at the age of one year, at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg by gavage. Thus far, IQ has induced hepatocellular carcinoma in three monkeys with a latent period of 27 to 37 months. Metastases to the lung occurred in two of the three monkeys. Microscopically, the hepatocellular carcinoma in all three cases demonstrated a trabecular pattern. These data demonstrate that IQ is a potent carcinogen in nonhuman primates and support the idea that it is a potential carcinogen for humans.

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Objective To determine the prognostic value of the over-was not linked to recurrence (P=0.5) but was related to worsening histological stage (P<0.01) and increas-expression of p53 protein as determined by immunohistochemistry in recurrent progressive transitional ing grade (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that overexpression of p53 for the primary tumour was cell carcinomas of the bladder. Patients and methods A total of 222 tumours from 86 not of predictive prognostic value for death from bladder cancer, time to progression or time to recur-patients with recurrent disease, 20 from patients with no evidence of recurrence after resection of initial rence. Tumour grade was the only variable of prognostic value in all the statistical models. Patients with tumour and 11 normal bladder (controls) were investigated. Using a microwave technique to expose overexpression of p53 showed no reduction in overall survival. antigens, formalin-fixed sections were immunohistochemically stained for p53 using a polyclonal anti-Conclusion These findings suggest that overexpression of p53, as determined immunohistochemically, serum. Two independent observers scored the sections for evidence of overexpression of p53.appears to have no predictive prognostic value over stage and grade in bladder tumours. Results Of 86 patients with recurrent disease, 51 demonstrated overexpression of p53 protein, as did six of 20 Keywords p53 overexpression, bladder cancer, p53 immunohistochemistry, prognosis patients with non-recurrent disease. Overexpression lates and switches off replication to allow time for extra

Observation of two sibling rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, indicated that they were intolerant to lactose. While on a lactose formula the monkeys had severe diarrhea and weight loss but were otherwise healthy. When a lactose-free formula was instituted, the diarrhea abated and there was a steady weight gain.