Eighty-four university counseling center clients (61 women and 23 men) self-reporting childhood physical, sexual, or emotional abuse (n = 30) or no childhood abuse (n = 54) completed 3 measures of psychological functioning. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that clients reporting abuse were more depressed (with the mean Beck Depression Inventory score in the borderline clinical depression range), had more symptomatology (with the mean Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory at about the average level of a psychiatric outpatient population), and scored higher on the Borderline Personality scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (with the mean base-rate score near the cutoff score for presence of borderline personality features). Nineteen clients reporting emotional abuse only did not differ on any measure from 11 clients reporting sexual or multiple forms of abuse. This research was supported by the Center for Counseling and Psychological Services, Pennsylvania State University.We are grateful to Paula-Ann Pricken for her guidance of this project, to William Holahan and Joyce Illfelder-Kaye for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this article, to Bob Intrieri for statistical advice on an earlier version of this article, and to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.

Three experiments were conducted to find out why subjects ingest substantially more liquid than required when asked to match a visually displayed volume. All three experiments replicated the basic illusion phenomenon, and Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that it was attributable to the subjects' underestimating the volume of liquid in their mouths. Experiment 3 revealed that the illusion was not present with solid substances, but it was evident with liquids when a quite different measurement procedure was employed.

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