erhaps no other subject area in the futures industry is as misunderstood as P the function of margins. Margins in futures markets perform different economic functions from margins in securities markets. However, people often mistakenly assume the functions are the same because the same terms are used. A margin in the securities market is a down payment for the security and results in an extension of credit. A margin in the futures market is essentially earnest money and represents a good-faith deposit to guarantee that the holder of the futures contract will perform.No extension of credit is made for opening a position in the futures market. To minimize any misunderstanding in this article, the term "credit margin" will be used when referring to margins in securities markets and the term "performance margin" will be used when referring to margins in futures markets.Initial credit margins in securities markets are set by the Federal Reserve Board. Performance margins in futures markets are set by individual exchanges. These regulatory differences in administering credit-margin requirements and performKandice H .
A variety of small canned computer programs for survey research and demographic analysis appropriate for use in developing countries are reviewed in this article. The programs discussed are SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences); CENTS, CO-CENTS, CENTS-AID, CENTS-AIE II; MINI-TAB EDIT, FREQUENCIES, TABLES, REGRESSION, CLIENT RECORD, DATES, MULT, LIFE, and PREGNANCY HISTORY; FIVFIV and SINSIN; DCL (Demographic Computer Library); MINI-TAB Population Projection, Functional Population Projection, and Family Planning Target Projection. A description and evaluation for each program of uses, instruction manuals, computer requirements, and procedures for obtaining manuals and programs are provided. Such information is intended to facilitate and encourage the use of the computer by data processors in developing countries.
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