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Investigations of several Contact period sites in the eastern United States are reviewed for their contributions to the study of Indian and European acculturation as a result of trade. Different degrees of acculturation among the various groups examined appear to be dependent upon environmental, social, and economic variables. Several deficiencies are identified from past historical archaeological studies of acculturation. These include a lack of empirical, replicable studies; a failure to adequately address acculturation among European populations; and a general absence of the incorporation of subsistence data, which have been shown to be very sensitive indicators of certain acculturative processes.