Anesthetic techniques have evolved to improve the comfort and safety of modern electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors review the literature and discuss the selection, preparation, and management from an anesthetic perspective. Specifically, the management of medications preprocedure and coexisting diseases is discussed. A review of induction agents, muscle relaxants, and other medications utilized in ECT is included.

SCS leads can be revised without placement of a new lead.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract