Antibiotics are often misused, especially for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in children, where their use is unnecessary and leads to antimicrobial resistance. This study sought to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of parents and pediatricians on the use of antibiotics among children and whether the level of education of parents has an impact on their KAP. The research was carried out among 1459 parents of children under 6 years of age and among 18 pediatricians. Sixty percent of pediatricians (61.1%) were prescribed antibiotics daily in their practice. Most of the surveyed parents (98.4%) state that doctors are their main source of information when deciding on the use of antibiotics in the treatment of their children. Parents with a higher level of education use television less often as a source of information when making this decision compared to parents with a lower level of education (p = 0.039, i.e., p = 0.003). The majority of parents (80.7%) knew that Panklav (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) is an antibiotic, while 52.5% identified Pancef (cefixime) as an antibiotic. Parents with a higher level of education correctly identified antibiotics significantly more often (p < 0.001). This study shows that in the Republic of Srpska, parents have adequate knowledge about antibiotics, especially those with a higher level of education, who show better KAP when it comes to antibiotic use.

Zoonotic diseases are increasingly becoming an emerging public health threat, partially due to the risk of spillover events at the human-wildlife interface. Their potential for infecting people with exotic pathogens originating from unusual pets should not be overlooked. The aim of the study is to present and analyze the trend of zoonoses in the 2015-2020 period using the descriptive method. The source of data is reports of single cases of infectious diseases, which is in accordance with the applicable legislation governing this area. The incidence of anthropozoonoses was the highest in 2017 amounting 16.5/100,000, while the lowest value in this five-year period was in 2020, with 1.1/100,000. The share of anthropozoonoses in the total incidence of infectious diseases was also the lowest in 2020, with the value of 0.02%, while the highest share of this group of diseases was recorded in 2017 with a value of 1.42%. In the specified period, the three most commonly reported anthropozoonoses are Q-febris, leptospirosis, and brucellosis. In 2020, the most frequently registered anthropozoonosis was toxoplasmosis, while in the previous 5 years, this disease was not reported among the three most common. It is necessary to raise awareness about the presence of zoonoses in the overall incidence of infectious diseases in the Republic of Srpska, because due to the common non-specific clinical picture, zoonoses are not the first to be considered in differential diagnosis. In the fight against zoonoses, a coordinated approach to "One Health" is necessary, which will enable design and implementation of programs, policies, legislation and research in the area of public health.