Abstrak: Dewasa ini fenotip warna kulit secara alami maupun dengan perlakuan banyak menjadi perhatian terutama dalam aspek sosial dan kosmetik. Seiring dengan itu, berbagai penelitian dan pengembangan biomolekuler yang bertujuan mengendalikan melanogenesis telah berkembang pesat. Pada tingkat molekul, proses kompleks biosintesis polimer melanin di dalam melanosit ditentukan oleh reseptor melanokortin 1 (MC1R). Struktur proteinnya yang dikode oleh faktor genetik seseorang dapat mempengaruhi afinitas reseptor terhadap agonis atau ligan. Selanjutnya jalur lintas sinyal transduksi bergantung siklik adenosin mono-fosfat (cAMP) intrasel yang dicetuskannya akan menentukan tipe dan warna kulit. Faktor-faktor transkripsi pada lintasan sinyal cAMP berupa molekul-molekul protein akan menen-tukan sintesis enzim yang memainkan peran kunci pada arah pembentukan biopolimer mela-nin di dalam retikulum endoplasma, aparatus Golgi dan melanosom. Feomelanogenesis dengan hasil akhir polimer melanin yang berwarna kuning kemerahan adalah jalur pasti hilangnya sinyal reseptor melanokortin 1. Pemahaman pada lintasan sinyal reseptor melano-kortin 1 setidaknya dapat memberi informasi pada kelainan pigmentasi dalam terapan ilmu kedokteran klinik medik. Kata kunci: MC1R, cAMP, sinyal transduksi. Abstract: Nowadays, natural or modified phenotype skin colors get more attention especially in social and cosmetic aspects. In fact, advanced biomolecular sciences have revealed a better understanding about controlling melanogenesis. In this molecular level, the complexity of melanin biopolymers produced in melanocytes is driven by melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R). Coded by its genetic structure, this protein may affect receptors’ affinity to their agonists or ligands. Then the intracellular cAMP dependent signal transduction will determine consequently the hair and skin colors. Transcription factors in the cAMP signal line in protein molecule forms are involved in determining enzyme synthesis which plays the main role in directing the biopolymer melanin’s end products in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and melanosome. Pheomelanogenesis is the consequense of melanocortin 1 receptors signal loss; its end product appears in yellow-red color melanin polymers. Understanding MC1R’s signal transduction gives additional information about pigmentation abnormality in medical practice. Key words: MC1R, cAMP, transduction signal.
Melanocytes in basal layers of skin and hair follicles produce melanin biopolymers which determine phenotypes of skin and hair colors of an individual. Melanogenesis induction is influenced by many factors: one of them is activation of receptors in melanocytes’ trans-membrane fragments by effector hormones. Melanocortin-1 receptors belong to the subclasses of the G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) family that is located in melanocytes’ transmem-brane fragments. Variations of their protein structures affect the end result of skin color. Intro-duction, nomenclature, grouping these receptors in the GPCR family, and their protein struc-tures, give some important information about how the receptors actually work in our body, especially in the skin and hair. Key words: GPCR, MC1R, protein’s structure. Abstrak: Sel-sel melanosit pada lapisan basal kulit dan folikel rambut memproduksi biopoli-mer melanin yang akan menentukan fenotip warna kulit dan rambut seseorang. Induksi melanogenesis yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satu diantaranya adalah melalui aktivasi reseptor pada transmembran melanosit oleh beberapa hormon efektor. Reseptor melanokortin 1 merupakan sub-sub kelas kelompok reseptor protein G yang terletak pada transmembran melanosit dimana variasi struktur protein penyusunnya akan mempengaruhi hasil akhir warna kulit. Pengenalan awal, tata nama, penggolongannya dalam bagian keluarga besar protein G serta struktur protein setidaknya memberi sedikit pemahaman bagaimana cara kerja reseptor ini selanjutnya. Kata kunci: MC1R, GPCR, struktur protein.
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