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This paper is set out as a conversation between three people, an Indigenous person and two non-Indigenous people, who have known and worked with each other for over 30 years. This work has involved them researching with communities in central Australia and the south west of Western Australia. The discussion concerns itself with ideas and practices that come from three conceptual traditions; English, Noongar and Pitjantjatjara to talk about how to build ngapartji ngapartji ("you give and I give in return", in Pitjantjatjara), karnya birit gnarl (respectful and kind ways of sweating/working with people, in Noongar), between marlpara ("colleagues", in Pitjantjatjara) and involving warlbirniny quop weirn (singing out to the old people, in Noongar). Kura katitj (Introduction and background) The history of outsiders carrying out research with Indigenous Australians is long and often vexed. To say that Indigenous communities do not often benefit from the work of researchers is perhaps an understatement. Although approved by the ethical protocols of universities, much research that is undertaken "on" Indigenous people, Indigenous lands and Indigenous knowledge maintains the longstanding model of "excavating" information, artifacts and insights. This reflects a long and lasting history where the vested interests of outsiders (like government, business, universities, even non-government organisations) usurp the goals and aspirations of Indigenous communities. It also reflects the fact that there are fewer areas of research in Australia where outsiders have invested so poorly in the capability and ethical practices of those they "send" to work with Indigenous communities. This chapter will provide a series of contemplations from a Noongar 1 man and two non-Indigenous people whose research work with communities routinely sees them confronting Ngapartji ngapartji ninti and koorliny karnya quoppa katitjin (Respectful and ethical research in central Australia and the south west)

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Background Chapter 1: What is the Noongarpedia Project? Kura koorliny: Introduction 'Kaya, nitja kwop noonook ngalang Noongar maya waanginy kaditjiny!' 2 In 2006 Justice Murray Wilcox of the Federal Court of Australia found that native title continued to exist in Noongar 3 boodjar (country). 4 The decision demonstrated one of the world's most remarkable examples of cultural and physical resilience on the part of an Indigenous group. This is particularly so when one understands the onerous demands placed on claimant groups, to provide (i) detailed evidence of a distinct culture and set of practices at the time of 'sovereignty', (ii) the claim-group's continuity of language and knowledge, and (iii) demonstrated knowledge of and connection to ancestors at the time of 'sovereignty'. Kingsley Palmer, author of the Single Noongar Claim's Expert Anthropologist Report, concluded that the