This essay explores Hemingway's possible influence on We Too Are Drifting (1935), a now forgotten lesbian novel by Gale Wilhelm, and then examines how both authors engaged with contemporary scientific arguments about the origin of homosexuality, specifically the early 20 th century psychological concept of "sexual inversion." Wilhelm's style and tropes evoke Hemingway's, while both authors use "twinness" as a vehicle to explore sexuality and sexual identity in different ways. Using an apparently "factual" writing style, each sought to represent same-sex desire as a "fact" of normal and mainstream life.

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