No abstract

Summary Long-distance intracellular transport of organelles, mRNA, and proteins (“cargo”) occurs along the microtubule cytoskeleton by the action of kinesin and dynein motor proteins; the vast network of factors involved in regulating intracellular cargo transport are still unknown. We capitalize on the Drosophila melanogaster S2 model cell system to monitor lysosome transport along microtubule bundles, which require enzymatically active kinesin-1 motor protein for their formation. We use an automated tracking program and a naïve Bayesian classifier for the multivariate motility data to analyze 15,683 gene phenotypes, and find 98 proteins involved in regulating lysosome motility along microtubules and 48 involved in the formation of microtubule filled processes in S2 cells. We identify innate immunity genes, ion channels and signaling proteins having a role in lysosome motility regulation, and find an unexpected relationship between the dynein motor, Rab7a and lysosome motility regulation.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) presents a complex syndrome in which inflammatory and metabolic processes contribute to disease progression and development of comorbid conditions. Over $1 trillion is spent globally on ESRD care. Plasma samples collected from 83 ESRD patients prior to hemodialysis were profiled for metabolic and inflammatory biomarker concentrations. Concentrations were compared between groups with and without history of stroke, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), congestive heart failure (CHF), and coronary artery disease (CAD). The 25 patients (30.1%) with history of stroke demonstrated decreased plasma interferon-? levels (p?=?0.042) and elevated plasma resistin, interleukin (IL)-1?, and leptin levels (p?=?0.008, 0.021, 0.026, respectively) when compared with ESRD patients without history of stroke. The 14 patients (16.9%) with history of ACS demonstrated elevated plasma IL-6 levels (p?=?0.040) when compared with ESRD patients without history of ACS. The 30 patients (36.1%) with history of CHF demonstrated decreased plasma leptin levels (p?=?0.031) and elevated plasma IL-1? levels (p?=?0.042) when compared with ESRD patients without history of CHF. Finally, the 39 patients (47.0%) with history of CAD demonstrated elevated plasma IL-1? levels (p?=?0.049) when compared with ESRD patients without history of CAD. Plasma biomarker concentration disturbances were observed in ESRD patients with history of stroke, ACS, CHF, and CAD when compared with ESRD patients without such history. Proinflammatory biomarker elevations were seen in stroke, ACS, CHF and CAD, while adipocytokine aberrations were observed in both stroke and CHF. These studies demonstrate that biomarker profiling of vascular comorbidities in ESRD may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information in the management of ESRD patients.