Theoretical and empirical grounds suggest that the discussions on the practices of teaching English in rural area are limited in numbers. Ergo the voices, challenges, and recommendations echoed by EFL teachers of rural areas remain unexplored. This study is thus to shed light on the voices, challenges, and recommendations of EFL rural teachers in teaching EFL to students of rural areas. This study used qualitative research method with multiple case study design. The participants were two EFL service teachers teaching English in Pegunungan Bintang in Papua and Talaud Island in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data collection techniques were teaching reflection writing journal and phone and WhatsApp call semi-structured interview. This study extended our knowledge that teacher-centered learning was not always perceived to be a left-behind and invaluable teaching approach. This study revealed that teacher-centered learning, which the teachers became the sources of knowledge, was an appropriate teaching approach to teach English to students of rural areas. Moreover, this study found that lack of facilities and learning recourses as well as students’ low motivation and proficiency in English language were main challenges faced by EFL teachers in rural areas. Therefore, shared-recommendations were given by the participants to English teacher candidates taking career to be English teachers in rural areas. First, English teacher candidates should have or build strong and good characters. Meaning, they have to be discipline, creative, innovative, patient, firm and adaptable. These characters are non-negotiable for other English teacher candidates teaching English in any region as well. Second, English teacher candidates should take into account students’ competency and social condition of learning to make students succeed in target language. Third, they had better use teacher talk and caretaker speech to explain English teaching materials or topics to the students.

This study was aimed to investigate the beliefs of EFL prospective teacher educators towards the use of WhatsApp in English learning and teaching. This study used survey research design and the samples were 44 master students of Applied Linguistics Department who had academic degree of B.Ed in TEFL in one of state universities in Yogyakarta. This study found that EFL prospective teacher educators had favorable beliefs towards WhatsApp integration in English learning and teaching. They perceived true that the use of WhatsApp was sine qua non of increasing the learners’ English learning proficiency, motivation, autonomy, and language attitude and creating fun and enjoyable English learning atmosphere. Consequently, present English teachers should integrate WhatsApp smartphone application in English learning and teaching.

In recent years, mobile phones have been used for teacher professional development (TPD). However, the potential use of smartphones, a current-generation of mobile phones, to develop teachers’ pedagogical, social, personal, and professional competences remains underexplored. This mixed methods study, examining the potential use of smartphones for TPD by delving into English teachers’ beliefs, employed a sequential explanatory approach. A quantitative survey was completed by 81 participants, followed by qualitative interviews with 8 selected participants. All the respondents were English teachers in elementary, junior, and senior high schools in 11 provinces in Indonesia. The survey was tested for validity and reliability, and analysed using the descriptive statistics method, while the semi-structured interview was analysed using the content analysis method. Almost all teachers had very favourable and favourable beliefs about the use of smartphones for TPD, perceiving that a smartphone could facilitate the enhancement of their pedagogical knowledge, communication skills, positive characters and English proficiency. Very few teachers had unfavourable beliefs, but among those who did, they believed traditional face-to-face TPD was more beneficial and that smartphones would only lead to addiction. This study recommends that smartphones be optimally applied by English teachers for TPD activities and that governments facilitate such implementation by constructing smartphone TPD models and applications.

Despite a considerable body of studies, little attention is given to the advantages of using songs in learning (learner-centred).  The study, therefore, is aimed at eliciting Indonesian EFL learners’ beliefs about the advantages of using songs for their language learning. Researching the research phenomenon through a qualitative study using a case study design, in-depth interview technique was applied to collect the data of the learners’ beliefs from eleven university learners majoring English. This study indicated an interesting finding that it was perceived that the learners believed that there were  some advantages of using songs in learning English: increasing  their EFL learning in the aspects of language skills (listening and speaking), language components (vocabulary mastery and pronunciation), their knowledge, their  confidence and relaxation, and improving their mood and focus.  Thus, it is recommended that songs be used either in teachers’ EFL teaching and in learners’ EFL learning. Abstrak: Meskipun telah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan, namun masih sedikit perhatian yang diberikan tentang manfaat penggunaan lagu dalam pembelajaran (berpusat pada peserta didik). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap keyakinan pembelajar Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing di Indonesia tentang manfaat penggunaan lagu dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing mereka. Meneliti fenomena melalui studi kasus, teknik wawancara mendalam diterapkan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang keyakinan sebelas mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ii menunjukkan temuan yang menarik bahwa peserta didik percaya bahwa ada beberapa keuntungan dari pemanfaatan lagu dalam pembelajaran  bahasa Ingris mereka pada aspek keterampilan bahasa (menyimak dan berbicara), komponen bahasa (penguasaan kosa kata dan pengucapan),  pengetahuan  mereka, kepercayaan diri dan relaksasi mereka, serta memperbaiki suasana hati dan fokus mereka. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar lagu digunakan dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris oleh guru maupun dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris oleh peserta didik.

The study of behavioural intention in social psychology has been shifting towards language learning and education. However, the state and determinants of behavioural intention in language learning performance remains under explored, particularly in the context of Indonesian EFL teachers. This study aims to investigate the nature of the behavioural intention of prospective Indonesian EFL teachers to perform in the English language, otherwise known as their intention to perform (ITP) and elicit the construct factors affecting the ITP. This study involved 76 participants taken randomly from the population of 85 fourth year undergraduate students of the English Education Department in one Indonesian State University. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires and were analysed with descriptive statistics and single and multiple regression tests. Before the regression tests, prerequisite tests of normality, homoscedasticity, linearity, and multicollinearity were administered. This study revealed that prospective Indonesian EFL teachers had extremely high intention to perform in the English language. Those zealous intentions had two antecedents: one's beliefs or feelings toward the English language-and of the feelings predominated the beliefs. Importantly, this study showed that collective judgement, targeting both beliefs and feelings about the language, could provide the impetus for prospective Indonesian EFL teachers to perform in the English language, more than partial judgement did. Consequently, to increase the willingness of learners to perform the target language, teachers must optimise the learners' target language beliefs and feelings uniformly and concurrently.