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Our results indicate a role for adenosine in CM-induced tubulotoxicity. However, the glomerular filtration rate is preserved by hydration alone in these patients. The application of theophylline did not bring an additional benefit. The use of adenosine antagonists may be beneficial in patients where sufficient hydration may be impossible or in patients with a concomitant decrease in renal blood flow (e.g. congestive heart failure).

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