Forests, charcoal and iron industry in Aude and Ariège Pyrenean districts. In spite of their biogeographical pre-disposition for forests of elm and fir, the upper valleys of Aude and Ariège are covered by distinct forest types. This is due to the fact that forestry was managed and wood exploited for different aims. Along the Aude, the requirement to grow wood for carpentry and naval construction boosted the development of fir trees forests all over an area from which rough timber could be exported for extra-mountain uses. In Ariège, the managers of the local kilns prefered elm wood, as it better fits charcoal production. These different economic prospects have caused separate interpretations of the same national forestry policy throughout the modern and contemporary period.
Les grandes lignes de l'histoire des forêts pyrénéennes sont maintenant connues. La paléoécologie d'une part, grâce aux analyses palynologiques (Jalut) et d'autre part la cartographie régressive fondée sur les sources historiques (Fruhauf) ont abouti à des schémas concordants, au moins en ce qui concerne l'évolution des principales essences (Hêtre et Sapin). L'influence des pratiques forestières a pu être mise en évidence : dans toute l'Ariège, à partir de 3 800 BP (1) , la progression du Hêtre accompagne l'expansion des sociétés agro-pastorales ; à une époque plus proche, sous l'Ancien Régime, on continue de voir le Hêtre favorisé au détriment du Sapin dans les forêts gérées par la société locale, le processus est inversé dans les forêts du pays de Sault et des Fanges produisant du bois de marine.
Catalan forges and forestry development : historical factors of the Ariège pyrenean forests. The cast results of a study of the impact of forges, in the Ariège forests show, through two examples, a change in the composition and structure since the XVIIth century, with important changes in the distribution of the main species : pine, beech and sessile oak.
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