Abstract. This study aims to determine the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO)supplementation in ruminant feed on the methane reduction in vitro. The study used rumen fluid with forage substrate and concentrates in the ratio of 60:40. The experiement consists of five kinds of VCO treatments, namely: R0 -feed substrates without VCO; R1 -feed substrates with 2% VCO; R2 -feed substrates with 4% VCO; R3 -feed substrates with 6% VCO; and R4 -feed substrates with 8% VCO. Each treatment was done three times. The fermentation used Hohenheim Gas Test (HGT) at 39 o C for 48 hours. At the end of fermentation, measurements of methane and microbial activity of the rumen fluid were implemented. Data obtained were analyzed using a completely randomized design, and continued with Duncan test for examining the mean differences. The results showed that methane production descreased by 18.39% -29.7% when the feed was given 2% -8% VCO. Based in the findings, it can be concluded that the supplementation of 2% -8% VCO can be used a substrate for ruminant feed because it can reduce methane and does not interfere the microbial activity of the fermentation of rumen fluid through in vitro.Key words: methane reduction, virgin coconut oil, rumen fermentation, ruminant, in vitro Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi virgin coconut oil (VCO) pada pakan ruminansia terhadap reduksi metan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan cairan rumen dengan substrat hijauan dan konsentrat dengan perbandingan 60:40. Percobaan ini terdiri dari lima macam perlakuan VCO yakni: R0: substrat pakan tanpa VCO; R1: substrat pakan dengan VCO 2%; R2: substrat pakan dengan VCO 4%; R3: Substrat pakan dengan VCO 6% dan R4 substrat pakan dengan 8% VCO. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan Hohenheim Gas Test (HGT) pada suhu 39 o C selama 48 jam. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan pengukuran gas metan dan aktivitas mikrobia cairan rumen. Data dianalisa menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan test untuk perbedaan rataan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa produksi metan mengalami penurunan sekitar 18,39%-29,7% ketika pakan diberi VCO sebanyak 2-8%. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi VCO 2-8% dapat digunakan sebagai substrat pakan ruminansia karena dapat mereduksi gas metan serta tidak mengganggu aktivitas mikrobia pada fermentasi cairan rumen secara in vitro.Kata kunci: reduksi metan, virgin coconut oil, fermentasi rumen,ruminansia, in vitro

THE ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTIC OF CHICKEN BURGER WITH DIFFERENT COOKING METHODS. The objective of this  study   was to   evaluate the   effect of different cooking method on the characteristics of color, aroma, texture, tenderness and taste of chicken burger. Research was applied using completely randomized design with three treatments involving hedonic scale and forty replications using panelist as follows: Steaming (R1), Frying (R2), Baking (R3). Results showed that these three treatments affected significantly on color. (P<0.01), texture and tenderness (P<0.05). However, these treatments did not significantly affect on aroma and taste. Therefore, this research can be concluded that chicken burger cooked by baking method was mostly preferred by the panellist. Keywords: Chicken Burger, Steaming, Frying, Baking.

THE EFFECT OF SOAKING TIME IN ACETIC ACID SOLUTION ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICKEN CLAW GELATIN. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soaking time in acetic acid solution(CH3COOH) on physical and chemical characteristics of chicken claw gelatin. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) the reatments were soaking time (12, 24, 36 and 48 hours) and four replicates of treatment. The result showed that the curing time  had no significant  effect (P> 0,05) to the gel strength and viscositas of gelatin, but it had significant effect (P<0,05) on rendemen and water content of gelatin. It was concluded that the chicken claw gelatin produced from soaking time 36 hours had the best physical and chemical characteristics. Key words: Acetic acid,  Gelatin, Chicken  claw

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENCES CONCENTRATION OF NATIVE CHICKEN CLAW GELATIN ON THE PHISYCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EDIBLE FILM. This study aims to determine the effect of differences concentration on the physical characteristics of edible film from native chicken claw gelatin. This study used a completely randomized design with the treatment of chicken claw gelatin concentration 5%, 10%, 15 and 20%, each treatment repeated four times. The results showed that the differences concentration of native chicken claw gelatin had significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the value of tensile strength, elongation and thickness of edible film. Based on the results of discussion, it can be concluded that the concentration of native chicken claw gelatin from variables with 10% gelatin concentration had good physical characteristics of edible film. Keywords: Native chicken claw, Edible film Gelatin

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ampas kelapa pada pakan ruminansia terhadap reduksi metan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan cairan rumen dengan substrat hijauan dan konsentrat dengan perbandingan 60:40. Percobaan ini terdiri dari lima macam perlakuan ampas kelapa yakni: R1: tanpa penambahan ampas kelapa; R2: substrat pakan dengan penambahan ampas kelapa 5%; R3: substrat pakan dengan penambahan ampas kelapa 10%; R4: Substrat pakan dengan penambahan ampas kelapa 15% dan R5 substrat pakan dengan penambahan ampas kelapa 20%. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan empat kali ulangan. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan Hohenheim Gas Test (HGT) pada suhu 39 o C selama 72 jam. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan pengukuran gas metan, parameter fermentasi, aktivitas mikrobia, kecernaan nutrient dan profil asam lemak cairan rumen. Data dianalisa menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan test (DMRT) untuk perbedaan rataan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa produksi metan mengalami penurunan sekitar 13,74%-17,39 % ketika pakan diberi ampas kelapa sebanyak 15-20%. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ampas kelapa 15-20% dalam pakan ruminansia dapat mereduksi gas metan serta tidak mengganggu aktivitas mikrobia pada fermentasi cairan rumen secara in vitro. Supplementasi ampas kelapa tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan dalam mendesain pakan penghambat metanogenik.Kata kunci : metan, ampas kelapa, fermentasi rumen, gas tes, parameter fermentasi ABSTRACTThis experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the adding of coconut pulp in ruminant feed on methane reduction in vitro. Rumen fluid and substrate of forage and concentrate in ratio 60:40 were in this study. This experiment consisted of five treatments of coconut pulp as followed: R1: feed substrates without the coconut pulp; R2: substrate feed with coconut pulp 5%; R3: substrate feed with coconut pulp 10%; R4: Substrate feed with coconut pulp 15% and R5: substrate feed with coconut pulp 20%. Each treatment was conducted to four replications. Fermentation was done using the Hohenheim Gas Test (HGT) incubated at 39 o C for 72 hours. At the end of fermentation was determined production of methane, parameters of fermentation, microbial activity, feed digestibility and fatty acids profile of the ruminal fluid. Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance using completely randomized design. The differences of mean values were analyzed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that methane production has decreased about 13.74%-17.39% when the feed was given coconut dregs 15-20%. Based on the results of the study was concluded that the supplementation of coconut pulp up to 15-20% of 100% dry matter can be used as a substrate of ruminant feed, because it can reduce methane and does not interfere the microbial activity in the fermentation of rumen fluid through in vitro. The supplementation of coconut pulp can be a referencein 202 J.Indonesian Trop.Anim.Agric. 42(3):202-209, September 2017 ...