The potential of solar energy encourages research into new applications of this technology. Access to renewable energy is an important element of modern urban policies aimed at sustainable development and the energy security of residents but also limits energy production from conventional sources due to the pollution associated with them. More and more often, projects of new urban infrastructure facilities include integrated photovoltaic panels. Assessing solar potential is an important step when planning the layout of solar panels, and the increasing number of high-rise buildings increases shaded areas, sometimes even for most of the day. Therefore, a detailed shading analysis can be important for city decision makers, investors and local communities. The results of the 3D spatial analysis presented in the article can be used to optimize the location and analyse the profitability of photovoltaic installations in a city. The aim of the project was to evaluate the effectiveness of photovoltaic panels on the shelters of public transport bus/tram stops. The proposed methodology for calculating the solar potential and shading may be a valuable extension of existing solutions in the field of planning installation power and the location of individual panels. The research methodology can be used in the future to support decision making and spatial planning related to the placement of photovoltaic panels. It was tested for bus shelters located in the centre of Warsaw (Poland). The results can also be used to assess the impact of alternatives to newly designed high-rise buildings and to plan the provision of photovoltaic panels to other city infrastructure facilities.

The paper describes selected research achievements into the effect of weather on road traffic from the perspective of various combinations of traffic characteristics and meteorological conditions. Studies to date have focused on different traffic parameters and changes in them as a consequence of weather variety. In making a comparative analysis, researchers identify the optimal weather conditions for road traffic and driver perception. Research in this field is conducted using a variety of data resources, backgrounds, and methodologies. The review of papers shows that results may be strongly dependent on the subject region (especially the climate zone), human behavior, and the legal framework (e.g., speed restrictions). However, the local view is important as well, and information regarding specific road attributes should not be overlooked. Comparison of the results of individual studies can be problematic owing to the myriad of different methodologies, so the description of any analysis of weather's effect on road traffic parameters must include detailed information about the researcher's specific approach to the problem as the following paragraphs of the paper advocate.

The article presents issues related to the modeling of reliability of power

Abstract. In the frame of EU common agricultural policy, applicant farmers shall receive subsidies for agricultural production. A producer receiving payments is required to meet the basic requirements for the maintenance of all farmland in good agricultural conditions consistence with environmental protection. Since 2009, applicant farmer is obliged to comply with standards adopted by Poland in the so-called cross-compliance requirements. Member States shall determine at the national level for Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC). Compliance with these standards, to maintain good agricultural practice is controlled selectively in the annual inspection campaigns conducted by the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA). One of control method is Control with Remote Sensing (CwRS), method that involves the determination in satellite or aerial images boundaries of areas subject to subsidies. Experience in the use of remote sensing, however, indicate the potential for the use of processed satellite or air orthophotomaps not only for cropping delineation but also to verify certain elements of agricultural practices. During the CwRS routine, one could indicate a possible non-compliance issues directly on the image and thereby optimize the process of control. The studies indicated which of the requirements to maintain land in good agricultural conditions might be monitored with CwRS. The results of the series of experiments showed that both kind of aerial and satellite orthophoto can be consider as equivalent materials. Features or phenomenon spread over a large area or occurred point-wise are detectable in image easier than during field inspection. Also wherever access or visibility on the ground is limited due to the morphology complexity, road network, etc., orthophotomap provide better angle of view. Nevertheless, the ratio benefit/cost for managing the entire control on national level should be checked against the efficiency of field control.

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